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Chapter 13 - Stress, Coping, and Health Flashcards

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11774537251Biopsychosocial modelHolds that physical illness is caused by a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.0
11774552710StressAny circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten one's well-being and that thereby tax one's coping abilities.1
11774593435Primary appraisalAn initial evaluation of whether an event is 1. Irrelevant to you 2. Relevant but not threatening 3. Stressful2
11774605160Secondary appraisalAn evaluation of your coping resources and options for dealing with the stress3
117767141624 principle types of stress1. Frustration 2. Conflict 3. Change 4. Pressure4
11776724718Frustrationexperienced whenever the pursuit of some goal is thwarted5
11776739079Conflictoccurs when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression6
11776749473Approach-approach conflicta choice must be made between two attractive goals7
11776767360Avoidance-avoidance conflicta choice must be made between two unattractive goals8
11776783252Approach-Avoidance conflicta choice must be made about whether to pursue a single goal that has both attractive and unattractive aspects9
11776798955Life Changesany substantial alterations in one's living circumstances that require readjustment10
11776848358PressureInvolves expectations or demands that one behave in a certain way11
11776950491General adaptation syndromeSeyle's concept that the body responds to stress with alarm, resistance and exhaustion12
11777003697NeurogenesisFormation of new neurons13
11777007933Copingefforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the demands created by stress14
11777023485Learned helplessnessPassive behavior produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events.15
11777033110Aggressionany behavior that is intended to hurt someone, either physically or verbally16
11777037467Catharsisa release of emotional tension17
11777341832Defense mechanismslargely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt18
11777354698Constructive copingrelatively healthful efforts that people make to deal with stressful events19
11777380535Heart diseaseleading cause of death in the US20
11777389343Type A personalityPersonality characterized by (1) a strong competitive orientation, (2) impatience and time urgency, and (3) anger and hostility.21
11777401548Type B personalityPersonality characterized by relatively relaxed, patient, easygoing, amicable behavior.22
11777434999Immune responseThe body's defensive reaction to invasion by bacteria, viral agents, or other foreign substances.23
11777462155Social supportvarious types of aid and emotional sustenance provided by members of one's social networks24
11777495596OptimismA general tendency to expect good outcomes25
11777561564Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)A disorder in which the immune system is gradually weakened and eventually disabled by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).26
11777626634NonadherenceThe failure to comply fully with treatment recommendations for modification of a health habit or an illness state.27
11777667003Catastrophic thinkingInvolves unrealistically pessimistic appraisals of stress that exaggerate the magnitude of one's problems28

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