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| 3443097134 | Nicholas Biddle | As President of the Second Bank of the United States, this man occupied a position of power and responsibility that propelled him to the forefront of Jacksonian politics in the 1830s. Jackson was bitterly opposed to the national bank, believing that it was an unconstitutional, elitist institution that bred inequalities among the people. A bitterly divisive issue, the rechartering of the bank dominated political discussion for most of the 1830s, and for many, this man became a symbol of all for which the bank stood. After Jackson's reelection, the Second Bank of the United States was doomed. |  | 0 |
| 3443124186 | Daniel Webster | Senator of Massachusetts; famous American politician & orator; advocated renewal & opposed the financial policy of Jackson; many of the principles of finance he spoke about were later incorporated in the Federal Reserve System; later pushed for a strong union. |  | 1 |
| 3443120343 | The Bank War | Jackson believed the Bank of US had too much power, and was too rich. Whigs were scared he was going to destroy the Bank, so Henry Clay decided to apply for renewal early, before the next election, knowing that Jackson would use the unpopular veto. Jackson vetoed the bill to renew the charter, but the people agreed with him. Election of 1832. Second Bank ceased in 1836. |  | 2 |
| 3443160048 | Anti-Masonic Party | First founded in New York, it gained considerable influence in New England and the mid-Atlantic during the 1832 election, campaigning against the politically influential Masonic order, a secret society. Anti-Masons opposed Andrew Jackson, a Mason, and drew much of their support from evangelical Protestants. |  | 3 |
| 3443808902 | National Nominating Conventions | The first ones appeared in the Election of 1832. It replaced the previous method for caucus systems to choose candidates in secret with a more public system. The conventions, on top of choosing Presidential candidates allowed the party to create a party platform. |  | 4 |
| 3443828799 | Election of 1832 | Jackson v Clay, Jackson wins. Political parties will hold nominating conventions where the people decide who the nominee is. First time a third party was in an election, Anti-Masonic party. |  | 5 |
| 3443850334 | Biddle's Panic | BUS charter expired in 1836. Jackson started withdrawing money and depositing it into local Pet banks or wildcat banks. Biddle fought back by calling in loans from wildcat banks. Result was bank chaos and confusion. Jackson's fault for bank foreclosure. the common man blamed the bank and eastern whigs. wildcat currency not working. Jackson authorized a decree that required all public lands to be purchased with hard or metallic money. |  | 6 |
| 3444083664 | Specie Circular | issued by President Jackson July 11, 1836, was meant to stop land speculation caused by states printing paper money without proper specie (gold or silver) backing it. It required that the purchase of public lands be paid for in specie. It stopped the land speculation and the sale of public lands went down sharply. The panic of 1837 followed. |  | 7 |
| 3444094243 | Foreign Causes of the Panic of 1837 | Two prominent British Banks closed causing investors to call in their foreign loans from America |  | 8 |
| 3443898752 | Panic of 1837 | When Jackson was president, many state banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the U.S. These banks issued paper money and financed wild speculation, especially in federal lands. Jackson issued the Specie Circular to force the payment for federal lands with gold or silver. Many state banks collapsed as a result. A panic ensued (1837). Bank of the U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt, and there was widespread unemployment and distress. |  | 9 |
| 3443970509 | Whigs | conservatives and popular with pro-Bank people and plantation owners. They mainly came from the National Republican Party, which was once largely Federalists. They took their name from the British political party that had opposed King George during the American Revolution. Their policies included support of industry, protective tariffs, and Clay's American System. They were generally upper class in origin. Included Clay and Webster |  | 10 |
| 3444022581 | Favorite Son Candidates | Presidential candidates who received the backing of their home states rather than that of the national party. Many ran by the Whigs hoping to scatter electoral votes so there would not be a majority and the vote would go to the House of Reps where the Whigs had a chance of winning |  | 11 |
| 3444031634 | Election of 1836 | Martin Van Buren v. WHIGS (William Henry Harrison, Daniel Webster, Hugh Lawson White). NEW PARTY - The Whigs (formed as opposition to Andrew Jackson); Whig strategy - by running several candidates, no one would receive a majority of the electoral vote sending it the House of Representatives (where they thought they could defeat Van Buren and the Democrats)! Martin Van Buren won big! |  | 12 |
| 3444042738 | Martin Van Buren | Served as secretary of state during Andrew Jackson's first term, vice president during Jackson's second term, and won the presidency in 1836. Advocated lower tariffs and free trade, and by doing so maintained support of the south for the Democratic party. He succeeded in setting up a system of bonds for the national debt. |  | 13 |
| 3444128677 | Divorce Bill | A bill passed by Van Buren in 1837, that divorced the government from banking altogether, and established an independent treasury, so the government could lock its money in vaults in several of the larger cities. |  | 14 |
| 3444134023 | Independent Treasury Bill | In the wake of the Specie Circular and the Panic of 1837, President Van Buren proposed, and Congress passed this act. The system that was created took the federal government out of banking. All payments to the government were to be made in hard cash and it was to be stored in government vaults until needed. | 15 | |
| 3444139658 | Stephen Austin | Original settler of Texas, granted land from Mexico on condition of no slaves, convert to Roman Catholic, and learn Spanish |  | 16 |
| 3444152151 | Sam Houston | United States politician and military leader who fought to gain independence for Texas from Mexico and to make it a part of the United States (1793-1863), First president of the Republic of Texas |  | 17 |
| 3444163828 | The Lone Star Rebellion | Texas was supported in their war by the United States, but Jackson was hesitant to formally recognize Texas as an independent nation until he had secured Martin Van Buren as his successor, but after he succeeded, Jackson did indeed recognize Texas on his last day before he left office, in 1837 |  | 18 |
| 3444168708 | The Alamo | Santa Anna's army succeeded in late 1836. His force of 4000 men laid siege to San Antonio, whose 200 Texan defenders retreated into an abandoned mission, the Alamo. After repeated attacks, the remaining 187 Texans including Davy Crockett were wiped out and a few weeks later Mexican troops massacred some 350 Teas prisoners. |  | 19 |
| 3444175506 | Battle of San Jacinto | last battle of the Texas War for Independence. Lasted 18 minutes. Surprise attack during the Mexican soldiers' siesta. Texans won, Captured Santa Anna, and the war was over. |  | 20 |
| 3444180511 | Treaties of Velasco | Treaties with Santa Anna in 1836, one public and one private, public treaty withdrew all Mexican troops from Texas and Santa Anna agreed to never fight Texas again and the treaty also provided for the exchange of all prisoners, in the private treaty Santa Anna promised to work for recognition of TX's independence and establish boundary, in exchange for these, Santa Anna would be released without harm |  | 21 |
| 3444225558 | Election of 1840 | Displayed two major shifts in American politics: triumph of populist democratic style and the formation of the two-party system. Race between Martin Van Buren, second term, and William Henry Harrison. Harrison won due to how Van Buren handled the Panic of 1837. |  | 22 |
