The Earth and It's Peoples
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| 5303324348 | Latin West | Historians' name for the territories of Europe that adhered to the Latin rite of Christianity and used the Latin language for intellectual exchange in the period ca. 1000-1500 | 0 | |
| 5303324349 | Three-Field System | A rotational system for agriculture in which one feel grows grain, when grows legumes, and one lies fallow. It gradually replaced the two-field system in medieval Europe. | 1 | |
| 5303324350 | Black Death | Outbreak of the Bubonic Plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, killing off vast numbers of people. | 2 | |
| 5303324351 | Water Wheel | A mechanism that harnesses the power of flowing water to grind grain or power machinery. It was used in many parts of the world but was especially common in Europe from 1200 to 1900. | 3 | |
| 5303324352 | Guild | In medieval Europe, and association of men (rarely women), such as merchants, artisans, or professors, who work in a particular trade and banded together to promote their economic and political interests. Guilds were also important in other societies, such as the Ottoman and Safavid Empires. | 4 | |
| 5303324353 | Gothic Cathedrals | Large churches originating in twelfth-century France; built in an architectural style featuring pointed arches, tall vaults and spires, flying buttresses, and large stained-glass windows. | 5 | |
| 5303324354 | Renaissance | A period of intense artistic and intellectual activity, said to a "rebirth" of Greco-Roman culture. Usually divided into an Italian Renaissance, from roughly the mid-fourteenth to mid-fifteenth century, and a Northern (trans-Alpine) Renaissance, from roughly be early fifteenth to early seventeenth century. | 6 | |
| 5303324355 | Universities | Degree-granting institutions of higher learning. Those that appeared in the Latin West from about 1200 onward became the model of all modern universities. | 7 | |
| 5303324356 | Scholasticism | A philosophical and theological system, associated with Thomas Aquinas, devised to reconcile Aristotelian philosophy and Roman Catholic theology the thirteenth century. | 8 | |
| 5303324357 | Humanists | European scholars, writers, and teachers associated with the study of the humanities (grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, languages, and moral philosophy), influential in the fifteenth century and later. | 9 | |
| 5303324358 | Printing Press | Mechanical device for transferring text or graphics from a wood block or type to paper using ink. Presses using movable type first appeared in Europe in about 1450. | 10 | |
| 5303324359 | Great Western Schism | A division in the Latin (Western) Christian church between 1378 and 1417, when rival claimants to the papacy he existed in Rome and Avignon. | 11 | |
| 5303324360 | Hundred Years War | (1337-1453); series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families in French noble families. | 12 | |
| 5303324361 | Reconquest of Iberia | Beginning in the eleventh century, military campaigns by various Iberian Christian states to recapture territory taken by Muslims. In 1492 the last Muslim ruler was defeated, and Spain and Portugal emerged as united kingdoms. | 13 |
