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| 4935774827 | Reformation | The reform of a religious or political movement, in this case the Catholic Church | 0 | |
| 4935775977 | Pious | During the time of the Reformation, what type of life did they lead? | 1 | |
| 4935777287 | Wills | Men & Women remembered the church by placing them in these | 2 | |
| 4935779792 | Clergy | What were people critical of in the Roman Catholic Church | 3 | |
| 4935781851 | Doctrines | Beliefs or set of beliefs that are held and taught by the church | 4 | |
| 4935783320 | Anticlericalism | The opposition of the clergy | 5 | |
| 4935784021 | Clerical Immorality | #1 that the critics of the church focused on. Describes how the clergy were drunks, gamblers, and how they indulged in fancy dress | 6 | |
| 4935785977 | Clerical Ignorance | #2 that the critics of the church focused on. Describes the illiterateness of the clergy | 7 | |
| 4935786892 | Clerical Pluralism | #3 that the critics of the church focused on. Describes how they held more than one church officer bringing in numerous amounts of revenue. | 8 | |
| 4935788210 | Absenteeism | The act of not showing up to work or school without a good reason. (In this case the clergy did this with pluralism) | 9 | |
| 4935789531 | Poor Priests | Who did the clergy who participated in pluralism hire to fulfill the spiritual duties of said church? | 10 | |
| 4935790679 | Curia | The pope's court in Rome | 11 | |
| 4935791215 | Benefices | A permanent church appointment. Many Italian officers held these in England, Spain, & Germany | 12 | |
| 4935792049 | Monks | Priest, _______, and Nuns were exempt from defending the city and paying taxes | 13 | |
| 4935793442 | Urban Property | Religious leaders often held large amounts of this (Before the reformation) | 14 | |
| 4935795641 | Urban Leaders | Who did the immunities lead to oppose the bishops and the papacy? | 15 | |
| 4935796414 | Martin Luther | A philosopher who was suppose to study law, but had a religious calling and became part of the Augustinian friars. Had a huge impacted and created Lutherans & Protestant | 16 | |
| 4935799068 | Augustinian Friars | Martin Luther became one of these after his religious calling. They help the poor. | 17 | |
| 4935799664 | Indulgence | Documents issued by the Catholic Church lessening penance of time in purgatory, and was widely believed to bring forgiveness for all sins | 18 | |
| 4935801157 | Pope Leo X | Start indulgences to finance his building plans in Rome | 19 | |
| 4935801977 | Albert of Mainz | Sold indulgences to pay off debt. He was a cardinal at age 13 because his parents bought him a benefice. | 20 | |
| 4935802851 | Johann Tetzel | Albert's indulgence advertiser. Made slogans to spread the word, and brought people in fro miles around | 21 | |
| 4935805409 | Angry | Luther was ______ because people believed once they had indulgences, they did not have to do anything good | 22 | |
| 4935805982 | Ninety-Five Theses on the Power of Indulgences | A letter written by Luther to Archbishop Albert. He argued that indulgences undermined the seriousness of private confessions, competed with the preaching of Christ, and downplayed the importance of charity. It was quickly printed in Latin & German. Was 95 bullet points of what Luther thought was wrong of the catholic church | 23 | |
| 4935809045 | Johann Eck | After writing the letter, Luther was summoned to Rome, but instead participated in a scholarly debate against this man, who was a representative of the church | 24 | |
| 4935810616 | Theology | Study of the nature of god | 25 | |
| 4935812292 | Publication | Luther understood the power of this, which made him authorize his works and spread them fast | 26 | |
| 4935813784 | Books be Burned | The papacy responded to Luther's propositions by ordering that the _______ __ _______, giving him two months to recant or become excommunicated | 27 | |
| 4935817773 | Diet | Assembly of the nobility, clergy, and cities of the HRE | 28 | |
| 4935818419 | Diet of Worms | Charles V summoned Luther to appear. His appearance created an even broader audience of his reform ideas, and throughout central Europe other individuals began to preach and publish against the existing doctrines of the church | 29 | |
| 4935820969 | Ulrich Zwingli | A Swiss humanist and priest that also disagreed with the ways of the Catholic Church. Believed Christian life rested on the scriptures, which were pure words of God | 30 | |
| 4935823083 | Protestants | Followers of Luther, Zwingli, and others who were non-Catholic Christian groups | 31 | |
| 4935824802 | Teachings of Protestants | - Believed salvation comes by faith alone - Authorities rested in the Bible alone - Church is the spiritual priesthood of all believers - Every person should serve God in his or her own calling | 32 | |
| 4935828012 | Colloquy of Marburg | Summoned in 1529 to unite the Protestants after their disagreement about Transubstantiation of God (Luther believed Christ is only present in bread and wine, while Zwingli believed Christ was present in spirit among the faithful). This summoning failed, however Protestants agreed on almost everything else | 33 | |
| 4935832408 | Educated People | Who were attracted by Luther's ideas? | 34 | |
| 4935833583 | Clergy | Who had to pay taxes and didn't have legal privileges in Protestant? | 35 | |
| 4935834611 | Printing Press | Which invention spread the Protestant ideas quickly, and included images for the illiterate | 36 | |
| 4935835682 | German | What did Luther translate the New Testament into in 1523, which led to it being the standard written version of the German language? | 37 | |
| 4935838122 | Permanent | Luther & Zwingli recognized the reform to be ________, and authorities would have to accept them | 38 | |
| 4935839061 | Zurich | Which cities city council did Zwingli closely work with? | 39 | |
| 4935842845 | Pastors | Who did the city councils appoint & required them to swear an oath of loyalty to the council? | 40 | |
| 4935843925 | Political Authority | Who did Luther work closely with? | 41 | |
| 4935845062 | Protestant | A territory became this after its ruler brought in a reformer or two reeducated the territory's clergy | 42 | |
| 4935846160 | Radicals | These people rejected the idea that church and state needed to be united | 43 | |
| 4935849021 | Societal Outcasts | Many citizens marked them as this, which invited hatred and a bitter persecution | 44 | |
| 4935849508 | Protestant/Catholic authorities | Who felt threatened by Radicals' ideas? | 45 | |
| 4935850818 | Executed | How did Strasburg deal with radicals? | 46 | |
| 4935852169 | German Peasants' War | A war between peasants and nobles. It was caused by the build up of aggravation of the peasants due to crop failure, the seizure of village common lands, new rents and requiring additional services. | 47 | |
| 4935854283 | Peasants | Whose side was Luther on @ the beginning of the German Peasants' War? | 48 | |
| 4935855008 | Against the Murderous | A book Luther wrote during the German Peasants' War. Shared how he was against murder | 49 | |
| 4935856685 | Thieving Hordes of the Peasants | Another book Luther wrote during the Peasants' War. Explained the details of the large hordes of peasants | 50 | |
| 4935858462 | Nobility | Which side crushed the other during the rebellion? | 51 | |
| 4935859038 | German Peasants' War | The reformation lost most of its popular appeal after this. | 52 | |
| 4935862313 | Celibacy | Luther & Zwingli believed vows of this went against human nature | 53 | |
| 4935862748 | Katharina von Bora | Luther's Wife | 54 | |
| 4935863594 | Anna Reinhart | Zwingli's Wife | 55 | |
| 4935864398 | Wifely Obedience | The wives of Protestant reformers were to be models of ______ ___________ | 56 | |
| 4935865049 | Arugula von Grumbach | Wrote a pamphlet supporting Protestant ideas | 57 | |
| 4935865748 | No | Were women allowed to be apart of the clergy officially during the 16th century? | 58 | |
| 4935866920 | Divorce | Protestant ideas allowed this. The separation of a marriage | 59 | |
| 4935868426 | Remarriage | Protestant ideas allowed this. The marriage of two divorcees | 60 | |
| 4935870001 | No | Did the Catholics allow divorce or remarriage? | 61 | |
| 4935871640 | Brothels | These buildings were closed in Protestant cities because it was believed that marriage was the only proper remedy for lust | 62 | |
| 4935872669 | Prostitution | Harsh punishments were set for breaking this law | 63 | |
| 4935873589 | Reshaped it | What did Protestant ideas do to prostitution? | 64 | |
| 4935876614 | Marriage | How did many of the Habsburg family members gain more Imperialism over countries? | 65 | |
| 4935877387 | Mary of Burgundy | Maximilian Habsburg married this prominent heiress. She inherited the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and the County of Burgundy | 66 | |
| 4935879888 | Charles V | Maxes grandson, who was now the leader of an incredibly diverse collection of states and people. | 67 | |
| 4935881033 | Gattinara | Charles V advisor and grand chancellor | 68 | |
| 4935881630 | Threat | Presence of the practice of different religions in a state is viewed as a ________. | 69 | |
| 4935883721 | Cartons | Name of loose confederation of thirteen large autonomous territories | 70 | |
| 4935884823 | War | Cartons were either Catholic or Protestants which led them to this. | 71 | |
| 4935886183 | Zwingli | Who was killed on the battlefield in 1532, which made both sides sign a treaty? | 72 | |
| 4935887054 | Imperial Diet | An assembly called to halt religious division | 73 | |
| 4935889551 | Alliance | Protestant churches formed military _______. | 74 | |
| 4935891704 | Peace of Augsburg | Treaty signed in 1555, Ended the fight between cantons (the second time they fought). Officially recognized lutheranism. Also allowed each territory to choose their own religion | 75 | |
| 4950260604 | Secular Spirit | What was trending in the South before the reformation? | 76 | |
| 4950267861 | Simony | The Selling of benefices | 77 | |
| 4950281018 | Brethren of the Common Life | Were not catholic priests trying to reform the church, they were the laity. They felt the need to improve the quality of priests | 78 | |
| 4950290480 | Laity | Catholic church members that are not the clergy | 79 | |
| 4950292812 | Layperson | A person practicing catholic who participates in the operation of the church, however they are not the clergy | 80 | |
| 4950295662 | Cardinal Jimenez | Cardinal of Spain. He tried to fix the catholic church & had some success | 81 | |
| 4950299026 | Oratories of Divine Love | This was the clergy who felt it was too corrupt and began to do something. Worked on improving the quality of priests and emphasizing charity work/community services | 82 | |
| 4950305356 | Lateran Council | The College of Cardinals who gave Pope Julius II sole responsibility of reform, which accomplished nothing | 83 | |
| 4950309199 | Lateran Synod 1059 | The creation of College of Cardinals, who elected the pope | 84 | |
| 4950313587 | Cardinals | Parts of the church who control the catholic church on a regional level | 85 | |
| 4950318216 | Electors | The rulers of 300 city-states of the HRE | 86 | |
| 4950322186 | John Tetzel | Selling indulgences in Saxony going town to town. | 87 | |
| 4998001236 | Denmark-Norway | Protestant first spread to this area. Was ruled by King Christian II. Danish scholars at the University of Wittenberg quickly spread Protestant ideas. Went smoothly in Denmark, but violently in northern Norway/iceland | 88 | |
| 4998004755 | Gustavus Vasa | Took control of church personnel and income when he came to thrown during a civil war with Denmark | 89 | |
| 4998008639 | Catherine of Aragon | The daughter of F & I and widow of Henry's older brother Arthur. Henry wanted to marry her. | 90 | |
| 4998009634 | Boys | What did Catherine of Aragon fail to produce for the kids which ended in annulment | 91 | |
| 4998010458 | Anne Boleyn | Henry's dirty mistress, who he later married | 92 | |
| 4998012555 | Charles V | The pope did not agree on the annulment of Henry's Marriage to Anne Boleyn because of this political figure | 93 | |
| 4998014551 | Thomas More | Was beheaded for opposing the king. Wrote Utopia | 94 | |
| 4998015417 | Jane Seymour | Gave Henry a son, but died in childbirth | 95 | |
| 4998018037 | Thomas Cromwell | Advised Henry to dissolve the English monasteries because of their wealth. Made Henry end 900 years of monastic life | 96 | |
| 4998021964 | Pilgrimage of Grace | Largest English rebellion in history. Happened in the North | 97 | |
| 4998026547 | Catholic | Most of Ireland were this religion | 98 | |
| 4998027593 | Thomas Cranmer | Simplified liturgy, invited Protestant theologies to England. Advised Edward's reign | 99 | |
| 4998034078 | Book of Common Prayer | Included the order for all services and prayers of the Anglican church of England | 100 | |
| 4998034794 | Mary Tudor | Took over after Edward. Tried to make a sharp turn back to Catholicism, which failed. | 101 | |
| 4998036637 | Elizabeth | Took over after Mary Tudor. Restarted the Protestant movement in England. Loved by the people & started the push for Protestant England | 102 | |
| 4998041519 | The Anglican Church | The new name for the Church in England. Was another Protestant branch | 103 | |
| 4998045474 | Philip II | Married Mary Tudor in hope of taking over England, but she died. Tried to marry Elizabeth but she turned him down. Teamed up with Mary Queen Of Scots to reunited England with Catholic Europe | 104 | |
| 4998048382 | Mary Queen Of Scots | Executed for implicating in a plot to assassinate Elizabeth. Her son King James took over Scotland after she died | 105 | |
| 4998050108 | The Spanish Armada | Spanish fleet met the English fleeting the channel before reaching Flanders. English destroyed the Spanish for their advancements in ships & poor weather. 65 ships of 130 managed to return | 106 | |
| 4998052275 | John Calvin | Born in Noyon in NW France. Assisted in the reformation of Geneva. Made Geneva the model city for Protestant Reformers | 107 | |
| 4998055512 | The Institutes of the Christian Religion | Calvin laid out his ideas about religion in this book. | 108 | |
| 4998061463 | Calvinism | One of the Protestant religions that Calvin created | 109 | |
| 4998063332 | Predestination | The type of thought that God picked whether you will go to Heaven or Hell before birth | 110 | |
| 4998066316 | The Genevan Consistory | A body of laymen and pastors in Geneva which ruled. Punished for sins & used torture to extract information. Banished and executed many | 111 | |
| 4998068232 | Michael Servetus | Burned at the stake by the Genevan Consistory for denying the scriptural basis of Trinity and other things | 112 | |
| 4998070943 | Huguenots | French Calvinists | 113 | |
| 4998070944 | Puritans | English Calvinists | 114 | |
| 4998071767 | Presbyterian | Scotland Calvinists | 115 | |
| 4998074874 | John Knox | Dominated the Calvinists movement in Scotland and established the state church | 116 | |
| 4998077788 | The Presbyterian Church of Scotland | A church strict to Calvinists doctrine, adopted a simple and dignified service of worship, and laid great emphasis on preaching | 117 | |
| 4998079019 | Bohemia | A Czech majority ruled by Germans | 118 | |
| 4998081039 | Catholic Reformation | A counter-reformation that made many countries convert back to Catholicism | 119 | |
| 4998081954 | Poland-Lithuania | A land governed by king, senate, and edit, but two territories retained separate officials. Combined 500,000 square miles, but only w a population of 7.5 million. Very diverse population. The lack of unity between Protestants here made the Counter-Reformation gain momentum | 120 | |
| 4998084275 | King Sigismund I | Opposed Lutheran ideas in Poland-Lithuania. | 121 | |
| 4998088136 | Stanislaus Hosius | Due to this man, Poland was again strictly Roman Catholic | 122 | |
| 4998090404 | Hungarian Diet | In 1523, this was formed about the concern for "The German heresy" but the Catholic Hierarchy in Hungary | 123 | |
| 4998091381 | Ottomans | Who attacked Hungary in 1526, which killed King Louis II, dividing the land into three parts. | 124 | |
| 4998093834 | The Ottoman Turks | This group got the great plains including Buda, the capital in the 3 way split. Most were protestant until the withdrawal of the Turks, which led to Catholic Reformation | 125 | |
| 4998200894 | Pope Paul III | Made the papal court become the center of reform rather than the opponent. Made the lives of the church etiquette and piety. Supported improvements in education for clergy, ended simony, and stricter control of clerical life | 126 | |
| 4998205099 | Holy Office | Also called the Sacred Congregation Inquisition. Was a committee of 6 cardinals w judicial authority. | 127 | |
| 4998207440 | Index Of Prohibited Books | Published in Catholicism to forbid reading the included works by Christian Humanists | 128 | |
| 4998208378 | Papal States | Where did the Inquisition work? | 129 | |
| 4998209336 | Council Of Trent | A council who were the main reason for reform in Catholicism. Tried to reform & reconcile w Protestants. They accomplished a solid basis for spiritual renewal, made marriage legal, Used seminary Professors, and forced clerics to give up concubines, giving bishops greater authority | 130 | |
| 4998214025 | Seminary Professors | People who determine whether candidates had genuine callings for priesthood | 131 | |
| 4998215201 | Tametsi | The process of marrying in the room of a priest and a witness | 132 | |
| 4998216108 | Ursuline Order of Nuns | Order founded by Angela Merici. Worked to establish the education of women. Had huge success | 133 | |
| 4998219517 | Jesuits | Founded by Ignatius Loyola Helped build the reform of the Catholic Church | 134 | |
| 4998221665 | Spiritual Exercises | Book written about Ignatius Loyola about a 4 week training program structured to develop spiritual discipline and allow one to meld one's will with god | 135 | |
| 4998223476 | Society of Jesuits | Group of Ignatius and his six friends who helped the Catholic church reach reform | 136 | |
| 4998225646 | Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis | Treaty that ended the Habsburg-Valois Wars. Spain won | 137 | |
| 4998228210 | King Francis | King of France who tried two new ways to raise money, sale of public offices, and a treaty with the papacy | 138 | |
| 4998229846 | Calvinism | What were many reform-minded members of the Catholic clergy, city dwellers, and artisans attracted to? | 139 | |
| 4998230855 | Catherine de'Medici | Often dominated the throne of her three weak ruling sons. Nobles took advantage of the week army and fought | 140 | |
| 4998232253 | French Civil War | War broke out in France between French Calvinists and Catholic royalty which ignited this | 141 | |
| 4998233559 | St Bartholomew's Day Massacre | The beginning of The French Civil War. The day that Margaret and Protestant Henry of Navarre were supposed to get married. | 142 | |
| 4998236002 | Politiques | A small group of both faiths in France. Focused on restoration of France rather than religious sides. | 143 | |
| 4998240651 | Henry of Navarre | Took over after the other two Henry's died. Had to convert to Catholicism, but legalized the practice of Calvinism in 150-200 cities | 144 | |
| 4998242033 | Edict of Nantes | Granted liberty of conscience and liberty of public worship to Huguenots in 150 fortified towns | 145 | |
| 4998246232 | Philip II | Charles V gave the Netherlands to who? | 146 | |
| 4998247713 | Spain | Which authorities tried to suppress the spread of Calvinism in the Low Countries | 147 | |
| 4998248845 | Duke of Alva | Commanded 20,000 Spanish troops to pacify the Low Countries | 148 | |
| 4998249831 | Council of Blood | A tribunal council opened by the Duke of Alva | 149 | |
| 4998254470 | Union of Utrecht | Declared independence to the 7 northern provinces, and the other 10 stayed with Spain. Led by Holland | 150 | |
| 4998258275 | Devil | Most witches were thought to have private sexual ceremonies with this religious figure | 151 | |
| 4998258958 | Sabbats | Meetings which witches ate the skin of babies and had sex with the Devil | 152 | |
| 4998260425 | Women | Who were mostly seen to be witches, 85% of the accused being these? | 153 | |
| 4998262281 | Accusations | Most trials for witchcraft began with this from a person | 154 | |
| 4998262873 | Questioning | The accused was brought in for this, and later torture | 155 | |
| 4998263540 | Executed | If a person did fess up to witchcraft, what happened to them? | 156 | |
| 4998264814 | Witch Panic | A large witch hunt | 157 | |
| 4998267664 | Council of Constance | A council of the College of Cardinals where they said the pope was infallible | 158 | |
| 4998268902 | Heresy | The opposition of the church | 159 | |
| 4998269939 | Duke Frederick | Luther was kidnapped by this man, and 7 other electors who protected Luther from Charles | 160 | |
| 4998270786 | Diet of Speyer | Electors protesting at this diet created the word Protestant because of the protests | 161 | |
| 4998272111 | Lutheranism | Created after the Diet of Speyer & was founded by Luther | 162 | |
| 4998274470 | Confession of Augsburg | A confession sent to Charles. Laid out the 4 main thoughts of Lutheranism. | 163 | |
| 4998281405 | Vocations | Jobs | 164 | |
| 4998282787 | 12 Articles of Swabian Peasants | A peasant revolt that peasants wrote articles declaring independence from the lords and nobles | 165 | |
| 4998286552 | Anabaptists | Another Protestant religion that was considered very radical. Not accepted by other Catholics/Protestants | 166 | |
| 4998287699 | Pacifists | Term given to people who do not fight against others. | 167 | |
| 4998289681 | Polygamy | The idea that a man can have multiple wives | 168 | |
| 4998290771 | John Wyclif | Created a prayer group that became popular in Northern England in the 1300s. Began exercising religion away from catholic Church | 169 | |
| 4998292177 | Lollards | Term given to Wycliff's followers. Referred to this because they were considered ignorant | 170 | |
| 4998293530 | William Tyndale | Translated the bible into English, which created many problems for the Catholic Church | 171 | |
| 4998295197 | Pope Julius II | Granted the approval towards the marriage of Henry & Catherine | 172 | |
| 4998297085 | Pope Clement | Pope who denied the end of Henry's marriage to Anne Boleyn. Denied it for a religious and political reason | 173 | |
| 4998300060 | Act of Restraint of Appeals | An act that made the king of England the religious authority | 174 | |
| 4998303727 | Bloody Mary | Name given to Mary Tudor because of her execution of 280 people working against her. | 175 | |
| 4998304955 | Elizabethan Settlement | A settlement that saw England as a Protestant country, and you better practice Jewish/Catholicism in the closet if you are one. Public practicing would not be acceptable | 176 | |
| 4998309106 | Puritans | Which group does not like Elizabeth because of the toleration of Jews/Christians | 177 | |
| 4998311758 | Treaty of Union | Brought Scotland under England's control in 1707 | 178 | |
| 4998312598 | Laws in Wales Acts | Series of Acts that brings Wales under England's control in 1542 | 179 | |
| 4998313163 | The Act of Union | Brought Ireland under England's control in 1801, which made the United Kingdom | 180 | |
| 4998314136 | Royal Unity Order | Made England rule six counties in Ireland in 1542 | 181 | |
| 4998316530 | Transubstantiation | Thought that the mixing of bread and wine would result a physical transformation that the bread and wine made by human hands is transformed into the blood and body of Jesus Christ | 182 | |
| 4998317869 | Consubstantiation | Thought that bread and wine only symbolize Jesus Christ, and does not use a transformation | 183 | |
| 4998319023 | Inquisition | A religious court | 184 | |
| 4998320665 | Taille | A real estate tax in France | 185 | |
| 4998320666 | Nobility of the Robe | The opportunity for nobles to buy royal titles/positions in government, which would make them more influential | 186 | |
| 4998323788 | War of the Three Henrys | Another name given to the French Civil War signifying the three way war | 187 | |
| 4998324511 | Henry of Guise | A Catholic Noblemen who fought king Henry politically, but was the first murdered in war | 188 | |
| 4998325707 | Regents | People ruling in the name of someone. | 189 | |
| 4998326525 | Regent Margaret | Philip II sent this person to rule the Netherlands. However she fled a few years into ruling | 190 | |
| 4998327457 | Duke of Parma | A duke that sends more people to crush the Northern rebellion | 191 | |
| 4998328861 | Sir Francis Drake and the Sea Dogs | Elizabeth sent this to attack the treasure fleets of Spanish ships | 192 | |
| 4998330466 | Golden Century of Spain | Began with the discovery of the New World and was on a decline after the Spanish Armada | 193 | |
| 4998331798 | The Burning Times | Times when thousands of people were burned at the stake for accusations of witchcraft, normally women | 194 | |
| 4998332941 | Salem Witch Trials | Took place in Massachusetts in 1692. 25 people executed. Ended with the governors wife accusation | 195 |
