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| 646456241 | Nicolas Copernicus | (1473-1543) Was a Polish astronomer. Educated in Krakow and later in Italy. Led a largely isolated intellectual life. Not known for strikingly original or unorthodox thought. | |
| 646456242 | On The Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres | Published in 1543, the year of Copernicus' death. Called "revolution making rather than a revolutionary text." | |
| 646456243 | Almagest | A 2nd-century mathematical and astronomical treatise on the apparent motions of the stars and planetary paths. Written in Greek by Claudius Ptolemy, a Roman era scholar of Egypt, it is one of the most influential scientific texts of all time, with its geocentric model accepted for more than twelve hundred years from its origin in Hellenistic Alexandria, in the medieval Byzantine and Islamic worlds, and in Western Europe through the Middle Ages and early Renaissance until Copernicus. | |
| 646456244 | Geocentrism | Assumed that above the Earth lay a series of concentric spheres, probably fluid in character, one of which contained the sun, the moon, and other planets and the stars. At the outer edge of these spheres lay the realm of God and His angels. THE EARTH HAD TO BE THE CENTER DUE TO ITS HEAVINESS!!!!!! | |
| 646456245 | Epicycles | The epicycle (literally: on the circle in Greek) was a geometric model used to explain the variations in speed and direction of the apparent motion of the Moon, Sun, and planets. It was first proposed by Apollonius of Perga at the end of the 3rd century BC and formalized by Ptolemy of the Thebaid in his 2nd-century AD astronomical treatise the Almagest. In particular it explained the retrograde motion of the five planets known at the time. Secondarily, it also explained changes in the apparent distances of the planets from Earth. | |
| 646456246 | Heliocentric | The astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around a stationary Sun at the center of the universe. | |
| 646456247 | Tycho Brahe | (14 December 1546 - 24 October 1601) A Danish nobleman known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical and planetary observations. Coming from Scania, then part of Denmark, now part of modern-day Sweden, Tycho was well known in his lifetime as an astronomer and alchemist. | |
| 646456248 | Johannes Kepler | German Astronomer who was a convinced Copernican and a more consistently rigorous advocate of a heliocentric model than Copernicus himself. | |
| 646456249 | The New Astronomy | Book published by Kepler in 1609. Said that the path of the planets were elliptical. | |
| 646456250 | Galileo Galilei | Italian mathematician and astronomer. First turned a telescope on space in 1609. | |
| 646456251 | Isaac Newton | (1642-1727) Published The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy in 1687. | |
| 646456252 | Principia Mathematica | ... | |
| 646456253 | Francis Bacon | ... | |
| 646456254 | Novum Organum | ... | |
| 646456255 | Rene Descartes | ... | |
| 646456256 | Discourse on Method | ... | |
| 646456257 | Thomas Hobbes | ... | |
| 646456258 | Leviathan | ... | |
| 646456259 | John Locke | ... | |
| 646456260 | Second Treatise of Government/Essay Concerning Human Understanding | ... | |
| 646456261 | Royal Society of London | ... | |
| 646456262 | Jonathan Swift | ... | |
| 646456263 | Gulliver's Travels | ... | |
| 646456264 | Margaret Cavendish | ... | |
| 646456265 | Grounds of Natural Philosophy | ... | |
| 646456266 | Maria Cuñitz | ... | |
| 646456267 | Conflict Between Science and Religion | ... | |
| 646456268 | The Trial of Galileo | ... | |
| 646456269 | Blaise Pascal | ... | |
| 646456270 | Penees | ... | |
| 646456271 | Jan Vermeer | ... | |
| 646456272 | Physico-theology | ... | |
| 646456273 | John Ray | ... | |
| 646456274 | Malificium | ... | |
| 646456275 | Sabbats | ... |
