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| 13619999752 | What were causes for Reformation? | 1. Church corruption (INDULGENCES) 2. Simony 3. The Renaissance (Humanism encouraged people to think for themselves) 4. Greed of secular leaders (1/3 of Europe was Church land) 5. Printing Press 6. Development of Personal Devotions |  | 0 |
| 13619999753 | Why does the term Simony mean? | the buying/selling of church positions | 1 | |
| 13619999754 | What had John Wycliffe and John Huss done in the Late 1300s and early 1400s? | Denied pope had the right to worldly power, Bible had more authority than Church leaders (Bible in in the Vernacular) | 2 | |
| 13619999755 | Where was John Wycliffe from? | England |  | 3 |
| 13619999756 | Where was John Huss from? | Bohemia | 4 | |
| 13619999757 | What occurred to Savanarola in the 1490s? | Executed in Florence | 5 | |
| 13619999758 | Who were Erasmus and More? | Christian Humanists that lived during the Late 1500s | 6 | |
| 13619999759 | What did Martin Luther believe? | 1.Salvation by faith alone 2. Indulgences corrupt | 7 | |
| 13619999760 | When and where did Martin Luther write the "95 Theses"? | 1. In 1517 2. At Wittenberg | 8 | |
| 13619999761 | What spread Martin Luther's ideas? | the Printing Press | 9 | |
| 13619999762 | Where had Martin Luther been told to recant (say his beliefs were untrue)? and did he? | At the Diet of Worms -No | 10 | |
| 13619999763 | What happened to Martin Luther after the Diet of Worms? | 1. Excommunicated: officially exclude (someone) from participation in the sacraments and services of the Christian Church. | 11 | |
| 13619999764 | Where did Martin Luther seek sanctuary after the Diet of Worms? | In Germany | 12 | |
| 13619999765 | What does Martin Luther do with New Testament while in sanctuary? | Converts New Testament into German |  | 13 |
| 13619999766 | When had the Peasant Revolt occurred? | 1525 | 14 | |
| 13619999767 | What had Martin Luther done when he heard of the Peasant Revolt? | Condemned | 15 | |
| 13619999768 | Describe the Peasant Revolt | Civil war that occurred in the Holy Roman Empire that would last until 1555 | 16 | |
| 13619999769 | What was the Peace of Augsburg? | 1. Ends Peasant Revolt/civil war 2. Est. each German ruler could decide for his state what faith would be followed (Not INDIVIDUAL CHOICE) 3.North predominately Protestant, South predominately Catholic | 17 | |
| 13619999770 | Compare the Roman Catholic Church vs. Luther in terms of SALVATION | 1. RCC: Faith and Good works(sacraments) 2. LutherFaith alone | 18 | |
| 13619999771 | Compare the Roman Catholic Church vs. Luther in the terms of the BIBLE | 1. RCC: Latin, only interpreted by Church officials 2. Luther: Vernacular, anyone read and interpret for themselves | 19 | |
| 13619999772 | Compare the Roman Catholic Church vs. Luther in the terms of the AUTHORITY OF THE POPE | 1. RCC: Infallible, final authority 2. Luther: Ordinary human, no more important than others | 20 | |
| 13619999773 | Compare the Roman Catholic Church vs. Luther in terms of the CLERGY | 1. RCC: Answerable to Pope only, no marriage 2. Answerable to congregation, may marry | 21 | |
| 13619999774 | Compare the Roman Catholic Church vs. Luther in terms of SACRAMENTS | 1. RCC: 7=Baptism, confirmation, confession, Holy Eucharist, extreme unction, Holy Matrimony, Holy Orders 2. Luther: Baptism, "Last Supper" | 22 | |
| 13619999775 | Compare the Roman Catholic Church vs. Luther in the terms of OTHER COMPARISIONS | 1. RCC: Revere Mary, Saints, incense, light candles, genuflect, crossing... 2. Luther: Personal, direct relationship with God...no intermediaries | 23 | |
| 13619999776 | Where had the Zwingli Reform occurred? | Switzerland | 24 | |
| 13619999777 | What was the main idea of Zwingli? | Remove all traces of papal Christianity, figurative Eucharist | 25 | |
| 13619999778 | What were the two reformations that occurred in Switzerland? | 1. Zwingli 2. Calvinism | 26 | |
| 13619999779 | What was the main idea of Calvinism? | 1. PREDESTINATION 2. Agreed with Luther on justification by faith 4. Protestant Work Ethic | 27 | |
| 13619999780 | Where had Calvinism occurred? | Geneva, Switzerland | 28 | |
| 13619999781 | Who were HUGUENOTS? | French Protestants | 29 | |
| 13619999782 | Who were the followers of Calvinism? | 1. Presbyterians in Scotland (John Knox) 2. Dutch Reformers 3. Huguenots in France | 30 | |
| 13619999783 | Who found Calvinism? | John Calvin |  | 31 |
| 13619999784 | What do Anabaptists believe? | Church and State should be SEPERATE | 32 | |
| 13619999785 | What was the main idea of Anabaptists? | 1. Adult Baptism | 33 | |
| 13619999786 | Describe the life of Anabaptists | 1. Avoided the sinful world 2. Lived in small communities | 34 | |
| 13619999787 | Who were Anabaptists persecuted by? | Protestants and Catholics |  | 35 |
| 13619999788 | What was the main idea of Anglicanism? | King of England the Leader of the Church of England | 36 | |
| 13619999789 | What Act declared the King of England the leader of the Church of England? | Act of Supremacy | 37 | |
| 13619999790 | Describe the practice of Anglicanism | Initially very Catholic | 38 | |
| 13619999791 | Who found Anglicanism? | King Henry VIII |  | 39 |
| 13619999792 | What was the name of the Archbishop who sought to move England to a Protestant direction? | Archbishop Cranmer | 40 | |
| 13619999793 | Who were the six wives of King Henry VIII? | 1. Catherine of Aragon -Has Queen Mary 2. Anne Boleyn -Has Queen Elizabeth I 3. Jane Seymour -has Edward VI 4. Anne of Cleves 5. Kathryn Howard 6.Katherine Parr |  | 41 |
| 13619999794 | Under whose rule did England reach its Renaissance height? | Queen Elizabeth I -Shakeespeare | 42 | |
| 13619999795 | What is the correlation between Queen Elizabeth I and joint-stock companies? | Made 1st attempted colony -join-stock company | 43 | |
| 13619999796 | What occurs between England and Spain in 1588? and what does this event mean? | Queen Elizabeth defeats Philip II's Spanish Armada (1588) -Spanish Armada destroyed in English Channel -Assures England will remain PROTESTANT |  | 44 |
| 13619999797 | Was the Council of Trent part of the Catholic or Protestant Reformation? | Catholic Reformation | 45 | |
| 13619999798 | Describe what occurred at the Council of Trent | 1. 1545 - 1563 2. Reformed... a little 2. Abolished indulgences 3. Educated priests 4. Everything reaffirmed |  | 46 |
| 13619999799 | Who was the founder of the Society of Jesus? | Ignatius of Loyola |  | 47 |
| 13619999800 | What was the Society of Jesus? | 1. Male religious congregation of the Catholic Church -Members called Jesuits | 48 | |
| 13619999801 | Who were two famous Jesuits under the Society of Jesus and where did they travel? | 1. Francis Xavier - Malacca, Moluccas, Japan 2. Matteo Ricci - China |  | 49 |
| 13619999802 | Under the Society of Jesus what were the job of missionaries? | Spread Catholicism | 50 | |
| 13619999803 | What were the IMPACTS of the Reformation ad Counter Reformation? | 1. Century of religious wars - Thirty Years War (1618 - 1684) 2. Widespread persecution, growth of intolerance (witch hunt) 3. Many sects/denominations of Christianity 4. "Christendom" lost in Europe | 51 | |
| 13619999804 | What was the CAUSE of the Thirty Years' War? | The Holy Roman Empire (Hapsburgs) wanted subjects to return to Catholicism (thus rebellion) -involving much of Europe | 52 | |
| 13619999805 | What was the EFFECT of the Thirty Years' war? | Pease of Westphalia |  | 53 |
| 13619999806 | Describe what the Peace of Westphalia was | 1. Weakens Holy Roman Empire 2. German States independent (Prussia) 3. Switzerland independent 4. Rise of nation-states 5. Balance of Power 6. Formation of alliances | 54 | |
| 13619999807 | What were the costs of the Thirty Years' war? | 1. Population -36% 2. Inhabited villages -17% 3. Dwelling -28% 4. Food Production -34% 5. Domesticated Animals -53% | 55 | |
| 13619999808 | What happens in 1054? What happened in 1517? | 1. Christianity splits into Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christianity 2. Roman Catholicism splits into Protestantism and Roman Catholicism | 56 | |
| 13619999809 | What is the definition of Absolutism? | A king or queen who held all the power within their state's boundaries | 57 | |
| 13619999810 | What was the goal of Absolutism? | To control every aspect of society - economic, religious, and political | 58 | |
| 13619999811 | Who are example of divine right monarchs who were absolutists? | 1. Louis XIV - France 2. Peter the Great - Russia | 59 | |
| 13619999812 | What is the definition of Divine Right? | The idea that God created the monarchy and the monarch acted as God's representative on earth. Answered only to god, not to his or her subjects | 60 | |
| 13619999813 | Who in France lays out absolutists foundations? | Henry IV founds Bourbon monarchy | 61 | |
| 13619999814 | Who issues the Edict of Nantes? | Henry IV | 62 | |
| 13619999815 | What did the Edict of Nantes do? | Protestants may worship in 150 traditionally Protestant towns n France. But he (Henry IV) is assassinated. | 63 | |
| 13619999816 | What did Cardinal Richelieu do? | Uses INTENDENTS to oversee countryside, repressed Protestantism |  | 64 |
| 13619999817 | Who rules with Louis XIV in the beginning of his rule? | Cardinal Mazarin |  | 65 |
| 13619999818 | When Louis XIV became King of France was he an adult? | No, Child king | 66 | |
| 13619999819 | Describe earlyAbsolutism in France. | 1. Continue to centralize. 2. Fronde (1648 - 1653): Uprisings of those who opposed policies of the government 3. Violence resulted in French wishing for peace and for a strong monarch to impose order. | 67 | |
| 13619999820 | Who continues the use of intendents? | King Louis XIV |  | 68 |
| 13619999821 | Why does King Louis revoke the Edict of Nantes? | To avoid division in realm | 69 | |
| 13619999822 | What does the King Louis XIV do with feudalism in France? | Effectively puts an end to it | 70 | |
| 13619999823 | What is another name for King Louis XIV? | the Sun King | 71 | |
| 13619999824 | What does this important saying by Louis XIV mean, "L'etat c'est moi" | "I AM THE STATE" | 72 | |
| 13619999825 | How did King Louis XIV increase his power? | Made nobles live at the palace -causing nobles to be totally dependent on him -took the nobles away from their homes and thus giving the intendants more power | 73 | |
| 13619999826 | Socially, what is valuable in France among society? | 1. Social Rank 2. Etiquette important | 74 | |
| 13619999827 | What was the purpose of the palace of Versailles? | 1. Symbol of Power 2. Tool of Absolutism 3. Theater State |  | 75 |
| 13619999828 | Who was Jean Baptist Colbert? | 1. Finance Minister 2. appointed by Louis |  | 76 |
| 13619999829 | What did Colbert believe strongly in? | Mercantilism | 77 | |
| 13619999830 | What is the definition of MERCANTILISM? | A system of economic regulations aimed at increasing state power based on the belief that a nation's international power was based on wealth, supply of gold and silver. | 78 | |
| 13619999831 | What was Louis XIV and Colbert's goal for France? | Make France self-sufficient (sell goods abroad) | 79 | |
| 13619999832 | What was Louis' Legacy? Positive and Negative. | 1.Positive: France ranked above all other European countries in the arts and literature. Also France was Europe's military leader 2. Negative: Bankruptcy caused by wars and the building of the Palace of Versailles | 80 | |
| 13619999833 | Describe early absolutism in Russia | 1. Ivan the III did three things to increase Russia's power 1. Conquered territory around Moscow 2. Liberated Russia from Mongol rule 3. Centralized the Russian govt. |  | 81 |
| 13619999834 | When did Ivan the Terrible come into power? | 1533 | 82 | |
| 13619999835 | Who were boyars? | Landowning nobles | 83 | |
| 13619999836 | Describe Ivan the Terrible's childhood | Had to fight boyars, who were attempting to take his power | 84 | |
| 13619999837 | By 16 what had Tvan the Terrible accomplished? | All power and became czar | 85 | |
| 13619999838 | When had Ivan's "bad period" began? | After death of Ivan's wife | 86 | |
| 13619999839 | Describe Ivan's "Bad period" | 1. Ivan formed his own police force, whose chief duty was to hunt down and murder people who Ivan considered to be traitors. 2. Ivan killed thousands, even his own first son. | 87 | |
| 13619999840 | Who took power after Ivan's death? What happened to the heir? | Ivan's weak son came to power and died soon after | 88 | |
| 13619999841 | After Ivan's son's death, what happened to Russia? | Went through a period of turmoil in which boyars fought for power. | 89 | |
| 13619999842 | What occurred in 1613? | Michael Romanov was chosen as the next czar and began the 300 year Romanov dynasty |  | 90 |
| 13619999843 | How long did Serfdom last in Russia? | Lasted until mid 1800s | 91 | |
| 13619999844 | What main religion were Russians? | Orthodox Christians | 92 | |
| 13619999845 | Describe the contact between western Europe and Russia ad result | 1. Little contact 2. Russia knew little of the cultural differences between themselves and western Europe | 93 | |
| 13619999846 | What was Peter the Great's goal? | WESTERNIZATION |  | 94 |
| 13619999847 | What were Peter the Great's goals in Russia? | 1. Russian Orthodox Church under state control. 2. Reduced the power of the boyars. 3. Recruited men from low ranking families and gave them govt. jobs 4. European officers were brought in to modernize the army 5. To pay for the changes he increased taxes 6. GET A WARM WATER PORT | 95 | |
| 13619999848 | Accomplishments of Peter the Great: | 1. Introduced potatoes to diet 2. Started Russian newspaper 3. Raised women's status by having them attend social events. 4. Nobles wear Western fashions 5.Opened school of navigation and the arts and sciences 6. Builds St. Petersburg | 96 | |
| 13619999849 | Does Queen Elizabeth I leave an heir? | No | 97 | |
| 13619999850 | What happens to the Tutor dynasty after Queen Elizabeth's death? | Changes to Stuart dynasty | 98 | |
| 13619999851 | Who is King James VI? and what does he become? | 1. Cousin, king of Scotland 2. Becomes James I of England 3. James I establishes in England as a DIVINE RIGHT MONARCH |  | 99 |
| 13619999852 | Describe what James I of England does as King? | 1. Threatens PURITANS 2. Writes the King James Bible | 100 | |
| 13619999853 | Who was James I's son? and what was he? | Charles I -an absolutist like his father |  | 101 |
| 13619999854 | What led to the Great Migration of Puritans? | the policies passed by Charles I | 102 | |
| 13619999855 | When had the English Civil War started and ended? | 1642-1648 | 103 | |
| 13619999856 | Describe the side of the English Civil War | 1. CAVALIERS = Pro-Crown nobles and landlords who are loyal to Charles I 2. ROUNDHEADS = Supporters of Parliament who are led by OLIVER CROMWELL | 104 | |
| 13619999857 | What had the CAVALIERS don in 1646? What happens to Charles I and Parliament? | 1. Surrendered 2. Charles I beheaded 3. Parliament in control of England. | 105 | |
| 13619999858 | What occurs POST Civil War in England? | 1. Parliament abolished the monarchy. 2. Declares a republic. 3. Military dictatorship under Cromwell | 106 | |
| 13619999859 | What happened to Charles II after his father, Charles I, was beheaded? | Exile | 107 | |
| 13619999860 | During the Restoration, What did England offer Charles II? | 1. Throne back with limited powers 2. He accepted | 108 | |
| 13619999861 | When had the Restoration of Charles II occurred? | 1660 | 109 | |
| 13619999862 | What was England's government under Charles II called? | A MERRY MONARCH | 110 | |
| 13619999863 | What happens to a monarch's power when they are a Merry Monarch? | Monarch's powers are limited by the Constitution | 111 | |
| 13619999864 | Did Charles II have any children? | No | 112 | |
| 13619999865 | When did Charles II die and who replaced him? | 1. 1685 2. His Catholic brother James II became king | 113 | |
| 13619999866 | What did James II do when he came into power? | 1. Declared his absolute power 2. Did NOT acknowledge Parliament | 114 | |
| 13619999867 | Why was England interested in James II's daughter? | England encouraged his Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William (King of the Netherlands) to invade and take the throne of England. |  | 115 |
| 13619999868 | What happens to James II after the Glorious Revolution occurs? | James II flees | 116 | |
| 13619999869 | What was the Glorious Revolution? | William and Mary were able to gain the throne of England without any bloodshed | 117 | |
| 13619999870 | What had the Glorious Revolution resulted in? | Limited Constitutional Monarchy | 118 | |
| 13619999871 | Describe the short term affects and long term affects of the English Civil War? | 1. Short term: the struggle between the Crown and Parliament led to Civil War and the execution of the King 2. Long term: it led to a stronger Parliament and more rights for English citizens | 119 |
