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| 283085597 | Zhenghe | A muslim from western Chine, he was well suited to deal with Muslims in southeast Aisa on his trade route. He was also a eunuch, castrated for service at the royal court. His expeditions usually hugged the coastline but he had an improved compass and excellent maps as well as huge vessels that contained ample supplies, even gardens, and goods for trade. He brought gifts and he had well-armed troops on his expeditions. Several missions visited china from the middle east and africa. he was resented by the confucian bureaucrats who refused even to write much about him in their chronicles. | 0 | |
| 283085598 | Renaissance | of rebirth , the early phases of this stressed more secular subjects in literature and art. Religious art remained dominant but used more realistic portrayals of people and nature, and some nonreligious themes surfaced outright. the doings of human beings deserved attentionfor their own sake not as a reflected divine pan. artists and writers became more openly ambitious for persoal reputation and glory. italy was he center of this culture because it had more contactwith roman tradition than did the rest of Europe. it was a cultural movement launced in florence. it focused on new interest in stylistic grace and a concern for pracitical ethics and codes of behavior for urban gentlemen. it had little influence outside of italy. | 1 | |
| 283085599 | Francesco Petrarch | was a leading 14th-century writer that took pride in his city and his age but also explored the glories of personal achievement with new confidence. | 2 | |
| 283085600 | Castile and Aragon | where major regional monarchies had been established, which had been united through royal marriage in 1469. the marriage was between Ferdinand and Isabella, Spanish and Porteguese rulers. | 3 | |
| 283085601 | Vivalids | two Italian brothers from Genoa, sailed with two galleys through the Straits of Gibraltar seeking a western route to the "Indies", the spice-producing areas of south and southeast Asia. they were never heard of again. although they were precursors of a major Wesern thrust into the southern Atlantic, it is not even entirely clear what they meant by the "Indies". | 4 | |
| 283085602 | Vasco da Gama | portuguese explorer that was the first European to reach India by sea, by preparing Portuguese entry into the Indian Ocean. | 5 | |
| 283085603 | Henry the Navigator | was a driving force behind both the further expeditions and the efforts to make already discovered areas economically profitable was Prince Henry of Portugal. Was a student of astronomy and nautical science. He sponsered about a third of Portuguese voyages of exploration before his death. his mixture of motivations, scientific and intellectual curiousity, desire to spread the name of Christ to unfamiliar lands and financial interest, reflected some of the key forces in late postclassical Europe. | 6 |
