The Transformations of the West
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| 256695684 | Absolute Monarchy | Government developed during the rise of nation-states where monarchs passed laws without parliaments, appointed armies and bureaucracies. | 0 | |
| 256695685 | Catholic Reformation | Restatement of Catholic beliefs in response to Protestant Reformation. It established councils that revived Catholic doctrine. | 1 | |
| 256695686 | Edict of Nantes | 1598. Grant of tolerance to Protestants in France, after civil war between Catholic and Protestant factions. | 2 | |
| 256695687 | English Civil War | 1640-1660. Religious disputes, mixed with constitutional issues concerning monarchies power. Ended with restoration of monarchy in 1660, and execution of previous king. | 3 | |
| 256695688 | Enlightenment | Intellectual movement in France (18th Century) Scientific advances and study of human society, belief that rational laws could describe social behavior. | 4 | |
| 256695689 | Francis I | King of France, Renaissance monarch, patron of arts, new controls of Catholic church, against Holy Roman Emperor. (16th Century) | 5 | |
| 256695690 | Frederick the Great | Prussian King, attempted introducing Enlightenment to Germany. Introduced freedom of religion, increased state control and economy | 6 | |
| 256695691 | Glorious Revolution | 1688. The english overthrow of James II. Resulted in affirmation of parliament, basic sovereignty over the king | 7 | |
| 256695692 | Humanism | Focused on humankind being center of intellectual & artistic endeavor. Method of study, study of ancient languages | 8 | |
| 256302618 | Italian Renaissance | 1300-1450. Cultural and political movement. Featured art and literature with more priorities than the ones from the Middle Ages. | 9 | |
| 256695693 | J. Calvin | French Protestant. Stressed doctrine of predestination, and the idea of wider access to government and public education. Calvinism.(16th Century) | 10 | |
| 256695694 | John Locke | English philosopher, said people could learn everything through senses and power of gov. came from the people. Offered possibility of revolution to overthrow tyrants (17th Century) | 11 | |
| 256302619 | Martin Luther | German Monk who initiated the Protestant Reformation. He accepted state control over church. | 12 | |
| 256695695 | Mary Wollstonecraft | Feminist thinker during the Enlightenment, said new political rights should also apply to women | 13 | |
| 256695696 | Mercantilism | Economic theory, gov. promotion of limitation fo imports from other nations and internal economies to improve tax revenues. (popular in 17th & 18th Century) | 14 | |
| 256695697 | Niccolo Machiavelli | Author of "The Prince", emphasized realistic discussions of how to seize and maintain power. Influential writer of Italian Renaissance (16th Century) | 15 | |
| 256695698 | Protestantism | Wave of religious dissent against Catholic church, included variety of religious beliefs. It began with Martin Luther's attack on Catholic beliefs. | 16 | |
| 256695699 | Scientific Revolution | Period of scientific advances, resulted in change of traditional beliefs in Middle Ages, scientists: Copernicus, Galileo, Issac Newton (17th Century) | 17 | |
| 256695700 | Thirty Years War | War within Holy Roman Empire, German protestants & allies (Sweden, France, Denmark) vs. Emperor & his ally (Spain). Ended 1648 with Treaty of Westphalia | 18 | |
| 256695701 | Treaty of Westphalia | 1648. Ended Thirty Years War. Granted right to individual rulers, within Holy Roman Empire, to let them choose their religion (Protestant or Catholic) | 19 |
