Terms : Hide Images
| 268415189 | Renaissance (European) | The period of European history at the close of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world. | 0 | |
| 268415191 | Papacy | The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head. | 1 | |
| 268415193 | Indulgence | The remission by the pope of the temporal punishment in purgatory that is still due for sins even after absolution. | 2 | |
| 268415196 | Protestant Reformation | Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church beginning in 1519. It resulted in the 'protesters' forming several new Christian denominations, including the Lutheran and Reformed Churches and the Church of England. | 3 | |
| 268415198 | Catholic Reformation | Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline. | 4 | |
| 268415200 | Witch-Hunt | The pursuit of people suspected of witchcraft, especially in northern Europe in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. | 5 | |
| 268415202 | Scientific Revolution | The intellectual movement in Europe, initially associated with planetary motion and other aspects of physics, that by the seventeenth century had laid the groundwork for modern science. | 6 | |
| 268415204 | Enlightenment | A philosophical movement in eighteenth-century Europe that fostered the belief that one could reform society by discovering rational laws that governed social behavior and were just as scientific as the laws of physics. | 7 | |
| 268415206 | Bourgeoisie | In early modern Europe, the class of well-off town dwellers whose wealth came from manufacturing, finance, commerce, and allied professions. | 8 | |
| 268415208 | Joint-Stock Company | A business, often backed by a government charter, that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks (and profits) among many investors. | 9 | |
| 268415211 | Stock Exchange | A place where shares in a company or business enterprise are bought and sold. | 10 | |
| 268415213 | Gentry | The most powerful members of a society. | 11 | |
| 268415215 | Little Ice Age | A century long period of cool climate that began in the 1590s. | 12 | |
| 268415217 | Deforestation | The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves. | 13 | |
| 268415219 | Holy Roman Empire | Loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princes. It lasted from 962 to 1806. | 14 | |
| 268415221 | Habsburg | A powerful European family that provided many Holy Roman Emperors, founded the Austrian (later Austro-Hungarian) Empire, and ruled sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Spain. | 15 | |
| 268415223 | English Civil War | Conflict from 1640 to 1660; featured religious disputes mixed with constitutional issues concerning the powers of the monarchy; ended with restoration of the monarchy in 1660 following execution of previous king. | 16 | |
| 268415225 | Versailles | a palace built in the 17th century for Louis XIV southwest of Paris near the city of Versailles | 17 | |
| 268415227 | Balance of Power | The policy in international relations by which, beginning in the eighteenth century, the major European states acted together to prevent any one of them from becoming too powerful. | 18 | |
| 268645885 | Colombian Exchange | The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages | 19 | |
| 268645886 | Council of the Indies | The institution responsible for supervising Spain's colonies in the Americas from 1524 to the early eighteenth century, when it lost all but judicial responsibilites. | 20 | |
| 268749024 | Bartholome de Las Casas | A spanish priest who settled in the New world and was against the torture and genocide of Native Americans. | 21 | |
| 268749025 | Potosi | Located in Bolivia, one of the richest silver mining centers and most populous cities in colonial Spanish America. | 22 | |
| 268749026 | Encomienda | A grant of authority over a population of Amerindians in the Spanish colonies. It provided the grant holder with a supply of cheap labor and periodic payments of goods by the Amerindians. It obliged the grant holder to Christianize the Amerindians. | 23 | |
| 268749027 | Creoles | In colonial Spanish America, term used to describe someone of European descent born in the New World. Elsewhere in the Americas, the term is used to describe all nonnative peoples. | 24 | |
| 268749028 | Mestizo | A person of mixed racial ancestry (especially mixed European and Native American ancestry). | 25 | |
| 268749029 | Mulatto | Spanish and Portuguese colonies to describe someone of mixed African and European descent. | 26 | |
| 268749030 | Indentured Servant | A migrant to British colonies in the Americas who paid for passage by agreeing to work for a set term ranging from four to seven years. (p. 486) | 27 | |
| 268749031 | House of Burgesses | The first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619, representative colony set up by England to make laws and levy taxes but England could veto its legistlative acts. | 28 | |
| 268749032 | Pilgrims | Group of English Protestant dissenters who established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620 to seek religious freedom after having lived briefly in the Netherlands. | 29 | |
| 268749033 | Puritans | English Protestant dissenters who believed that God predestined souls to heaven or hell before birth. They founded Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629. | 30 | |
| 268749034 | Iroqouis Confederacy | Five indian nations bound together, the mohawks, th eoneidas, the onondagas, the cayugas and the senecas; founded in late 1500s to gain territorial supremacy | 31 | |
| 268749035 | New France | French colony in North America, with a capital in Quebec, founded 1608. New France fell to the British in 1763. | 32 | |
| 268749036 | Coureurs de bois | French fur traders, many of mixed Amerindian heritage, who lived among and often married with Amerindian peoples of North America. | 33 | |
| 268749037 | Tupac Amaru II | Member of Inca aristocracy who led a rebellion against Spanish authorities in Peru in 1780-1781. He was captured and executed with his wife and other members of his family. | 34 |
