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| 298970446 | what were the impacts that the Renaissance had on politics and commerce? | improved banking, create new political forms, professional armies were utilized, practice of diplomacy reintroduced using regular exchange of ambassadors for the first time in the West | 0 | |
| 298970447 | Why did common people readily support the Lutheran reformation? | rebel against landlords & pursue money-making | 1 | |
| 298970448 | what new areas became part of the global commercial network after 1450? | Americas, parts of Africa, & Polynesia | 2 | |
| 298970449 | what were exemplified the commercial revolution of the sixteenth century? | Levels of European trade rose sharply, and the new goods available. Involvement with markets and merchants increased. A spur to greater commercialization was price inflation/ formation of new companies, available new goods, stimulation of manufacturing | 3 | |
| 298970450 | what made the global trade network of the fifteenth century different from that of the previous eras? | formation of companies, available new goods, stimulation of maufacturing | 4 | |
| 298970451 | what caused northern european nations to take the lead in conquest and exploration in the later sixteenth century? | because Spain and Portugal were busy digesting the gains they had already made and they had better ocean vessels | 5 | |
| 298970452 | in 1492, who sailed to the Americas on behalf of Spain? | christopher columbus | 6 | |
| 298970453 | what was the reason for English voyages to North America? | to discover a NW passage to India | 7 | |
| 298970454 | how was europe impacted by the introduction of American crops? | population increase | 8 | |
| 298970455 | how were early Dutch and British exploration and trade projects different from Iberian nations? | Iberia - focused on generating $$$ from established colonies Dutch & British - focused on improving ships | 9 | |
| 298970456 | what regions was part of the core zone of the global trade network? | Spain, France and Holland | 10 | |
| 298970457 | what British commercial institution ruled for much of the eighteenth century? | The British East India Company | 11 | |
| 298970458 | what percentage of American Indians died following European colonization? | almost 80% | 12 | |
| 298970459 | what were the results of europe's maritime dominance? | end of japanese maritime dominance creation of a new world economy ( includ. Africa ) in international trade created a new international pool for exchanges of foods, diseases, and manufactured products | 13 | |
| 298970460 | what was a european contribution to the americas? | Coercive labor systems (like slaves) and the introduction of horses and cattle in America. Also brought diseases. | 14 | |
| 298970461 | what areas of trade were dominated by the West in the seventeenth century ? | Pacific, Atlantic, & Baltic | 15 | |
| 298970462 | northern european colonies were dominated by what economic policy? | mercantilism | 16 | |
| 298970463 | how was indonesia economically different other civilizations of the 16th century? | Indonesia was fully part of the global trading network | 17 | |
| 298970464 | for what reasons were coercive labor systems developed in the americas? | dependence in world economy & consequent need to produce unprocessed goods cheaply | 18 | |
| 298970465 | describe the relationship between asian civilizations and the world commercial network of the 16th and 17th centuries. | China depended on extensive government regulation to keep European activities in check. Asian civilizations had ample political strength and economic sophistication to avoid dependent status. East Asia constituted the civilization that remained most fully and consciously external to the world economy | 19 | |
| 298970466 | what method in India did Britain use to protect its cloth industry? | passed tariffs on cotton cloth made from India | 20 | |
| 298970467 | what were the trade goods between eastern and western europe in the seventeenth century? | west traded art & manufactured goods for grains in the east | 21 | |
| 298970468 | what was the result of the introduction of colonialism in places like India? | became part of the framework of western civilizations | 22 | |
| 298970469 | describe the russian economy after the expulsion of the mongols in the 15th century? | agriculture economy dependent on peasant labor | 23 | |
| 298970470 | what motivated the russian expansion policy on central asia ? | desire to push mongols farther east in 15th century to prevent further conquest | 24 | |
| 298970471 | what part of the portugese commercial experience was extended to the americas? | slavery and plantation colonies | 25 | |
| 298970472 | what is the significance of hispaniola? | Spain's first colony | 26 | |
| 298970473 | in what way did Spanish America cities differ from those of Europe? | b/c they were laid out on a grid plan | 27 | |
| 298970474 | what were encomiendas? | Grants of Indian laborers made to Spanish conquerors | 28 | |
| 298970475 | who was Bartolome de Las Casas and what did he support? | A Spanish priest, and bishop that supported the fair treatment of Native Americans | 29 | |
| 298970476 | who was hernan cortes? | Led expedition of 600 men to coast of Mexico in 1519, responsible for defeat of Aztec Empire, captured Tenochtitlan | 30 | |
| 298970477 | what advantages did the Spanish have over the Indians? | EPIDEMIC DISEASES, horses, firearms, steel weapons, internal divisions & interval rival among Indians | 31 | |
| 298970478 | what increased as the indian population were retained by the spanish? | population of livestock increased | 32 | |
| 298970479 | what indian institutions were retained by the spanish? | indian nobility | 33 | |
| 298970480 | what caused the encomiendas to become discontinued after 1540? | b/c the spanish crown didn't want to see growth of a new nobility in the new world | 34 | |
| 298970481 | what is a mita? | Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and religion, labor drafts, wage system | 35 | |
| 298970482 | what best describes the nature of the economy in spanish america? | dependent, agricultural,patriarchical, mining | 36 | |
| 298970483 | describe the agricultural system of spanish america | Large sedentary Indian populations continued traditional patterns. When population dwindled, Spanish rural estates (haciendas) emerged. Using Indian and mixed-ancestry workers, they produced grains, grapes, and livestock primarily for consumers in the Americas. The haciendas became the basis of wealth and power for a local aristocracy. In some regions, there was competition between haciendas and Indian farmers | 37 | |
| 298970484 | what was a galleon and what did it do? | Large, heavily armed ships used to carry silver from New World colonies to Spain | 38 | |
| 298970485 | in what way did the important of american gold and silver affect the spanish economy ? | contributed to a sharp rise in prices & a general inflation | 39 | |
| 298970486 | what was the treaty of tordesillas? | it divided lain america between portugal and castile ( spain ) | 40 | |
| 298970487 | what were captaincies? | Strips of land along Brazilian coast granted to minor Portuguese nobles for development | 41 | |
| 298970488 | how much of the brazilian populaions were slaves by 1700? | 1/2 | 42 | |
| 298970489 | what was the primary difference between the spanish and portugese empires? | Spain mined silver while Portugal mined gold | 43 | |
| 298970490 | what was the negative impact of the discovery of gold on portugal? | Trade imbalance; gold went from Portugal to England; Portugal became eco. dependent on England | 44 | |
| 298970491 | on what was the social hierarchy in the Americas developed? | based on miscegenation- mix of diff. races | 45 | |
| 298970492 | what was the result of 18th-century spanish reforms in america? | Positive results consisted of increased population growth and expanding economy given the increased demand of American goods. Negative results consisted of tightened tax collections, and a higher presence of an activist government which would lead to a disruption in old patterns of power and influence, and provoked violent colonial reactions. | 46 | |
| 298970493 | what were impacts of Bourbon reforms on colonial economy? | State monopolies founded - companies opened new regions for development, more open trade though it damaged industries, more liberal trade regulations expanded Caribbean commerce, mining revived - new discoveries, improved technology | 47 | |
| 298970494 | what accounts for the general failure of 18th century colonial revolutions against Spanish and Portugese rule? | tension between racial and social groups who did not want to disrupt their social hierarchy failed to work together and get rid of the government | 48 |
