the royal state in the 1600's
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| 115152321 | Versailles | a palace built in the 17th century for Louis XIV southwest of Paris near the city of Versailles | |
| 115152322 | divine right of kings | the belief that kings receive their power from God and are responsible only to God | |
| 115152323 | absolutism | The theory that the monarch is supreme and can exercise full and complete power unilaterally. The monarch even has the power of life and death. | |
| 115152324 | James VI,I | published King James version of the bible | |
| 115152325 | Jean Bodin | wrote The Six Books of the Commonwealth promoted divine right of kings | |
| 115152326 | Lord Protector | title taken by Cromwell meaning the head of the government created when the commonwealth was established after Charles I was executed | |
| 115922665 | Richelieu | Louis XIII's chief advisor, hardworking, gained peerage became duke, gained great wealth, manipulated the Estates General so no meeting for 175 years, Marie de Medici gave him office but later tries to kick him out | |
| 115968905 | Frederick William | Great Elector of Brandenburg,introduced an excise tax in the towns but not on the land that the Junkers owned the excise tax allowed him to create a strict army and first department of war | |
| 115968906 | Junker | nobility of Prussia under Frederick William, were not taxed | |
| 115968907 | Peter I | cut off beards, visited the west to learn about their culture/technology introduced conscription that created standing army branded recruits to prevent desertion promotion based on merit studied war campaign of the swedes first wars against swedes were defeats beat the Swedes at Poltava starting fall of Sweden and rise of Russia | |
| 115968908 | raison d'etat | reason of state, preached by Richelieu, needs of nation above the privileges of its most important groups | |
| 115968909 | Colbert | under Louis XIV, he built the French navy, reformed French legal code made fiscal reforms that turned debt into surplus by increasing efficiency of tax collection (no tax hikes) | |
| 115968910 | Louvois | Louis XIV's minister of war introduced new ranks, promotions by merit not purchase stored arms and ammo throughout realm | |
| 115968911 | Hobbes | wrote Leviathan, said humans need government so they aren't savage, promoted absolute monarchy | |
| 115968912 | Restoration | Charles II is asked to come to England to become king, starts monarchy after Commonwealth falls with Cromwell's unqualified son | |
| 115968913 | Charles II | asked to come rule England in Restoration after end of commonwealth during Cromwell's son has limited monarchy called party king has no sons so is succeeded by brother James II father is Charles I | |
| 115968914 | James II | succeeded Charles II, Catholic, attempted to move Anglican church towards Catholicism is like father Charles I who won't accept limits on power has son who is baptized as Catholic so Parliament calls for Jame's daughter Mary and William, Prince of Orange to be King | |
| 115968915 | Glorious Revolution | also known as Bloodless Revolution, William and Mary bring small army and James II runs away to France William and Mary become co-monarchs of England | |
| 115968916 | English Bill of Rights | also known as Declaration of Rights, limits power of monarch, established during Glorious Revolution, didn't allow monarch to arbitrarily take property and regular parliament meetings are guaranteed | |
| 115968917 | Toleration Act | gives religious freedom to most protestant but no Anabaptist established during Glorious Revolution | |
| 115968918 | John Locke | wrote Two Treatises on Civil Government developed contract theory of government and idea of natural rights, theorist during Glorious Revolution | |
| 115968919 | Social Contract | between the ruler and the ruled-people must obey their ruler if the ruler protects people's natural rights idea of Locke | |
| 115968920 | Natural Rights | life, liberty, and property-given by God-God Given Rights-government cannot take these rights without due process | |
| 115968921 | Cromwell | took title lord protector, replaced Rump Parliament with his own Parliament | |
| 115968922 | Interregnum | means period between, Kings in England, is when there is commonwealth with Oliver Cromwell-the commonwealth ends when Oliver's unqualified son becomes lord protector and loses power | |
| 115968923 | Letrados | university trained lawyers in Spain normally members of the nobility, were the backbone of royal government | |
| 115968924 | Assizes | the semiannual sessions of the county court in England | |
| 115968925 | lords lieutenant | parallel to intendants, in England in charge of trained bands because each English county had to have its own militia | |
| 116463059 | Ship Money | tax on each port town to hire a merchant ship and fit it for war, it was revived by Charles I who didn't call parliament into session to have the tax confirmed and thus angered the gentry | |
| 116463060 | Nu-pieds | revolted against changes in salt tax in France, the bare footed under richelieu | |
| 116463061 | Olivares | favorite of King Philip IV attempted to centralize royal power advocated aggressive foreign policy failed at creating national recruited and financed army failed at tax reform dismissed by Philip IV | |
| 116463062 | Duke of Buckingham | favorite of James I handsome caught eye of Queen Anne then James I for positions became favorite of Charles I admiral of the navy and duke assassinated and people rejoice | |
| 116463063 | Louis XIV | four years old when he inherited the French throne mother Anne of Austria ruled as regent with help of Cardinal Mazarin before he is old enough absolute king-divine right king-called sun king because nothing outshines him or greater than him "I am the State" "L'Etat, C'est Moi"-built Versailles greatest palace of greatest king French language became language of diplomacy during Louis XIV | |
| 116463064 | Mazarin and Anne of Austria | initiate new taxes on officeholders, Parisian landowners and nobility Parliament refuses to register many new taxes arrest many MP's barricades go up in Paris and court and King flee paris-Fronde revolt aimed at advisors of king demand removal of taxes and Mazarin's resignation winter brings Fronde to an end with harvest failure and intense cold | |
| 116585324 | James I | succeeded Elizabeth I was Scottish son was Charles I new taxes and fines for unheard of offenses tried to crush Scottish uprising over Laud's religious changes but the Long Parliament wouldn't give him money so he leaves England and declares Parliament is made of traitors so civil war Parliamentarians-roundheads believed fighting to defend religion, liberty and rule of Law Royalists-cavaliers believed fighting for defend monarch, church and social stability Parliamentarians win and Presbyterian church established and limitations on royal power after war Parliaments owe money to scots soldiers and governors of london | |
| 116585326 | de Mariana | wrote The King and the Education of the King said individuals need leaders magistrates are people's reps and if magistrates must resist tyranny then everyone must resist tyranny | |
| 116585328 | Milton | thought of social contract but Locke's emphasized Natural rights more wrote The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates defended the English revolution | |
| 116585330 | Catalan Rebellion | Catalan refused to pay taxes to the Union of Arms and rebuffed Olivares's attempts to consolidate the Spanish provinces French War-Olivares brings troops in Catalonia so many peasant uprisings political leaders of Barcelona lead rebellion declaring Philip IV to have violated fundamental laws of Catalonia Catalan gets French help | |
| 116599446 | Nobles of the Robe | are the intedants created by Richelieu to counteract the power of the Nobility of the Sword members of the Parlement of Paris and provincial parlements | |
| 116599447 | Imposition | in England fell heavily on Merchant class but unlike the Milliones this taxed luxury goods the milliones in spain taxed basics | |
| 116599448 | milliones | Philip II agreement with Cortes of Castile introduced this tax on consumption taced meat wine oil ie basics supposed to last six years but became permanent | |
| 116599449 | taille | crowns basic commodity tax in France | |
| 116599450 | paulette | tax on office holding in France allowed office to be sold/bequeathed | |
| 116599451 | justices of the peace | in England these were the members of the social elite that were granted legal authority to hear and settle minor cases or imprison people who committed serious crimes until the assizes were agents of the crown in own locality | |
| 116599452 | Parlement of Paris | main law court of the state became powerful institution contested with courtiers for the right to advise the monarch mebers of the parlement of paris and the provincial parlements were known as nobility of the robe because of the long gowns lawyers and judges wore | |
| 116608013 | Long Parliament | Charles I needs more money for fighting against the Scottish rebellion so calls in Long Parliament that meets for 13 years Long Parliament uses the Power of the Purse to forces Charles I to make changes in return for money to fight off scottish some of the changes the Long Parliament forces on Charles I: Parliament must be summoned every 3 years, Charles must follow due process, Parliament must agree to convene, Long Parliament imprisons Laud Long Parliament delays giving Charles I money for the army so Charles I tries to arrest MPs but fails so Charles I flees north and rallies nobles-war breaks out between Royalists who back Charles I the King against Parliamentarians backing House of Commons | |
| 116608014 | Laud | espouses moderate Calvinism-establishes new English service and prayer book new prayer books were called popery-moves church towards Catholicis leads to Great Puritan Migration under Charles I | |
| 116608015 | GREAT PURITAN MIGRATION | many non-conformist Puritans leave especially of the New World-7,000 people in Plymouth before the migration but 40,000 people immigrate to Plymouth | |
| 116617213 | Duplessis-Mornay | wrote A defense of Liberty Against Tyrants argued that the king who violated the law of the land could be resisted | |
| 116657636 | ROUSSEAU | -says men are born good, but people's environments (the government) makes people bad | |
| 116671198 | Instrument of Government | Cromwell's constitution, triennial meetings of parliament and gave sole power to tax, tore up when did not fit purposes, gave parliament sole power to tax |
