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| 5544832451 | What is the MAIN CAUSE of tooth loss before age 35? What is this due to? | Dental Caries (Tooth Decay) **due to demineralization of tooth structure (enamel and dentin) due to acidic metabolites from bacterial sugars | 0 | |
| 5544839400 | What is demineralization of tooth structure (enamel and dentin) due to acidic metabolites from bacterial sugars? | Dental Caries (Tooth Decay) | 1 | |
| 5544854236 | What is REVERSIBLE inflammation of the oral mucosa surrounding the teeth? What are two things that could cause this? | Gingivitis **can be caused by: 1) Dental Plaque 2) Dental Calculi | 2 | |
| 5544861317 | What is the sticky, colorless, biofilm that collects b/w and on surface of teeth? | Dental Plaque | 3 | |
| 5544866396 | If Dental Plaque (sticky, colorless, biofilm that collects b/w and on surface of teeth) is NOT removed, what does it form? If Dental plaque builds up, what does it cause? | Dental Calculi (tartar) **if builds up, causes Gingivitis | 4 | |
| 5544872833 | What is inflammation of the SUPPORTING STRUCTURES of teeth (periodontal ligaments), alveolar bone, and cementum? What is a consequence of this? | Periodontitis **consequence: TOOTH LOSS | 5 | |
| 5544887042 | What are painful, superficial oral mucosal ulcerations of the mouth of unknown etiology that could last for many days? (2 names) | Apthous Ulcers (Canker Sores) | 6 | |
| 5544899700 | What are the 2 main Fibrous Proliferative Lesions of the oral cavity? | 1) Irritation Fibroma (Traumatic Fibroma, Focal Fibrous Hyperplasia) 2) Pyogenic Granuloma | 7 | |
| 5544911733 | What is a submucosal nodular mass of fibrous CT stroma at the BUCCAL BITE LINE or gigiva? (3 names) What is it due to? | Irritation Fibroma (Traumatic Fibroma, Focal Fibrous Hyperplasia) **due to repetitive trauma | 8 | |
| 5544917022 | Where is a Traumatic Fibroma (Irritation Fibroma, Focal Fibrous Hyperplasia) mainly located in the oral cavity? | BUCCAL BITE LINE or gingiva | 9 | |
| 5544923147 | What lesion is a highly vascular proliferation of granulation tissue associated with pregnant women? | Pyogenic Granuloma | 10 | |
| 5544926837 | What type of patients are Pyogenic Granulomas (vascular proliferations of granulation tissue) mainly seen in? | Pregnant Women | 11 | |
| 5544937009 | Infections of the oral cavity: What is it called when theres an abrupt onset of vesicles and ulcerations on the gingiva inside the mouth? What virus? **What are the 2 main morphological features of this? What test do you diagnose this by? | Acute Herpetic Gingivostomatitis **due to HSV **morphology: 1) Intranuclear Viral Inclusions 2) Multinucleate Polykaryons (fusion of several cells) Tzanck Test (microscopic exam of vesicle fluid) | 12 | |
| 5544966328 | Intranuclear Viral Inclusions and Multinucleate Polykaryons are morphological features of what virus? | HSV | 13 | |
| 5544970124 | What is it called when theres recurrent infections (after harboring latent HSV-1) that occurs at site of primary inoculation/mucosa associated with same ganglion? | Recurrent Herpetic Stomatitis | 14 | |
| 5544974229 | What is it called after an HSV infection when theres small vesicles on the lips? | Herpes Labialis | 15 | |
| 5544985056 | What is the MOST COMMON FUNGAL INFECTION OF ORAL CAVITY? | Oral Candidiasis | 16 | |
| 5544977097 | What are the 3 major forms of Oral Candidiasis? Which one is ORAL THRUSH? What setting is this seen in? | 1) Pseudomembranous = ORAL THRUSH = MOST COMMON 2) Erythematous 3) Hyperplastic **due to antibiotics that eliminate normal bacterial flora in mouth | 17 | |
| 5544993271 | In what setting are Deep Fungal Infections of the oral cavity (Histo, blast, cocci, crypto, zygote, aspergillus) seen in? | AIDS, cancer, or Organ Transplantation | 18 | |
| 5545001697 | What is it called when theres an EBV Infection causing white patches of fluffy "hairy" hyperkeratotic thickenings that cannot be scraped off? Where specifically does it occur in the oral cavity? What is the specific morphological feature of this? | Oral Hairy Leukoplakia **occurs in the LATERAL border of the tongue **morphology: "Balloon cells" in upper spinous layer | 19 | |
| 5545034045 | What pathology describes "Balloon cells" in upper spinous layer? | Oral Hairy Leukoplakia | 20 | |
| 5545037774 | What are the 3 precancerous Lesions of the oral cavity? | 1) Leukoplakia 2) Erythroplakia 3) Speckled Leukoerythroplakia | 21 | |
| 5545039456 | What is the term to describe any "white patch/plaque" that CANNOT be scraped off which CANNOT be clinically/pathologically characterized by any other disease? Pre-malignant or no? | Leukoplakia **PREMALIGNANT | 22 | |
| 5545047766 | Whats the precancerous lesion to describe "red velvety eroded area in the oral cavity?" What is it morphologically characterized by? | Erythroplakia **SEVERE DYSPLASIA or CIS!! | 23 | |
| 5545054549 | What lesion in the oral cavity is described as SEVERE DYSPLASIA and red velvety eroded area in the oral cavity? | Erythroplakia | 24 | |
| 5545056705 | Leukoplakia or Erythroplakia - which has a HIGHER risk of malignant transformation? | Erythroplakia | 25 | |
| 5545059128 | What is the term to describe the intermediate form w/ characteristics of both leukoplakia and erythroplakia? | Speckled Leukoerythroplakia | 26 | |
| 5545100215 | What type of carcinoma are 95% of the cancers in the head/neck? | Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) | 27 | |
| 5545269972 | What are the 2 MOST COMMON causative agents in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the oral cavity? | 1) Tobacco/Alcohol 2) HPV Type 16 - but in the OROPHARYNX (tonsils, base of tongue, pharynx) | 28 | |
| 5545276423 | What is the 3 genetic mutations in tobacco-induced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the oral cavity? | mutation in p53, p63, and NOTCH1 | 29 | |
| 5545282720 | SCC in the OROPHARYNX (tonsils, base of tongue, pharynx) is caused mainly by what?? What are the 3 underlying genetic mutations in this? | HPV Type 16 **genetics: 1) Overexpression of p16 2) Inactivation of p53 and RB (due to HPV's E6 and E7) | 30 | |
| 5545288751 | Does HPV type 16 infections confer a WORSE or BETTER prognosis for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity? | BETTER PROGNOSIS | 31 | |
| 5545294176 | What is the "Field Cancerization" concept in relation to Squamous Cell Carcinoma? | concept that Chronic Exposure to carcinogens in patients with SCC can develop MULTIPLE primary tumors in Oral/GI tract | 32 | |
| 5545298804 | What are the 5 CLASSIC sites of Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the oral cavity? | 1) Ventral Surface of the Tongue 2) Floor of the Mouth (FOM) 3) Lower Lip 4) Soft Palate 5) Gingiva | 33 | |
| 5545305805 | SCC's of the oral cavity tend to invade LOCALLY BEFORE distant metastasis. What does it normally LOCALLY invade? What 4 places does it most commonly metastasize distally to? | Locally = cervical lymph nodes distant = mediastinal lymph nods, lungs, liver, bones | 34 | |
| 5545341282 | What are Odontogenic Cysts/Tumors derived from? Where in the oral cavity is it mainly found? | remnants of odontogenic epithelium **arises on the JAW | 35 | |
| 5545354886 | Where are Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC, type of Odontogenic Cyst) mainly found in the oral cavity? Aggressive or not? Males or females? What type of epi is it consistent of? | POSTERIOR MANDIBLE **VERY AGGRESSIVE **in MEN **has keratinized stratified squamous epi | 36 | |
| 5545381820 | What aggressive tumor of the oral cavity consists of keratinized stratified squamous epi, and is found in the posterior mandible, mainly in men of age 10-40? Why does it need to be completely removed? | Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC) **bc HIGH RECURRENT RATES!! | 37 | |
| 5545395019 | A patient is diagnosed with Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC) on the posterior mandible. What does this patient need to be evaluated for? **What mutation is this syndrome associated with? | Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (Gorlin Syndrome) **associated with a mutation in PTCH | 38 | |
| 5545403999 | What cyst/tumor is associated with Gorlin Syndrome (Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome)? What mutation is Gorlin Syndrome associated with? | Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC) **associated with a mutation in PTCH | 39 | |
| 5546957743 | What is "dry mouth" - due to dec production of saliva? | Xerostomia | 40 | |
| 5546965642 | What are the 3 associated causes of Xerostomia? What are 2 complications from Xerostomia? | 1) Sjogren Syndrome 2) Radiation Therapy (side effect) 3) Medications (Side effect) Complicatons: 1) Dental Caries 2) Oral Candidiasis | 41 | |
| 5546968214 | Sjogren Syndrome is an autoimmune disease causing what 2 manifestations? What are the antibodies against? (2) | 1) Xerostomia (Dry mouth) 2) Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (dry eyes) **antibodies against Ribonucleoprotein antigens, SS-A (Ro) and SS-B (La) | 42 | |
| 5546971228 | Antibodies against Ribonucleoprotein antigens, SS-A (Ro) and SS-B (La) are diagnostic of what? What are the 2 manifestations? | Sjogren Syndrome 1) Xerostomia (Dry mouth) 2) Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (dry eyes) | 43 | |
| 5546975513 | What is the MOST COMMON VIRAL SIALADENITIS? | Mumps (inflammation of the parotid gland) | 44 | |
| 5546980528 | Sialadenitis: what is the MOST COMMON LESION in the Salivary Glands? What is the mechanism from which this occurs? Where in the lip does this mainly occur? What is this mainly caused by? | Mucocele **MOA: blockage/rupture of the salivary gland duct → causing leakage of saliva into CT stroma **LOWER LIP **due to TRAUMA | 45 | |
| 5546988620 | What is the consequence of blockage/rupture of the salivary gland duct which causes leakage of saliva into CT stroma? Where in the lip does this mainly occur? What is this mainly caused by? | Mucocele (MOST COMMON lesion of the salivary glands) **lower lip **due to TRAUMA | 46 | |
| 5546991843 | What are PSEUDOCYSTS with cyst-like spaces lined by inflammatory GRANULATION TISSUE which are filled with Macrophages? | Mucoceles | 47 | |
| 5547002524 | What is the term to describe epithelial lined cysts due to a damaged sublingual gland? What is a complication of this when it gets VERY LARGE? What type of cyst is this? | Ranula **can connect 2 bellies of myelohyoid *type of MUCOCELE | 48 |
