Ch 16 Key Terms
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| 143324830 | Henry the Navigator | Portuguese prince responsible for direction of series of expeditions along the African coast in the 15th century; marked beginning of Western European expansion | 0 | |
| 143324831 | Vasco da Gama | Portuguese captain who first reached India in 1497; established early Portuguese dominance in Indian Ocean | 1 | |
| 143324832 | Christopher Columbus | Genoese captain in service of king and queen of Castile and Aragon; successfully sailed to New World and returned in 1492; initiated European discoveries in Americas | 2 | |
| 143324833 | British East India Company | Joint stock company that obtained government monopoly over trade in India; acted as virtually independent government in regions it claimed | 3 | |
| 143324834 | world economy | Established by Europeans by the late 16th century; based on control of seas including the Atlantic and Pacific; created an international exchange of foods, diseases, and manufactured products | 4 | |
| 143324835 | core nations | Nations, usually European, that enjoyed profit from world economy; controlled international banking and commercial services such as shipping; exported manufactured goods for raw materials | 5 | |
| 143324836 | dependent economic zones | Regions within the world economy that produced raw materials; dependent on European markets and shipping; tendency to build systems based on forced and cheap labor, e.g. Brazil | 6 | |
| 143324837 | coercive labor systems | Included slavery, indentured servitude, serfdom, and other coercive labor systems in the Americas | 7 | |
| 143324838 | Vasco de Balboa | First Spanish captain to begin settlement on the mainland of Mesoamerica in 1509; initial settlement eventually led to conquest of Aztec and Inca empires by other captains | 8 | |
| 143324839 | Columbian Exchange | Biological and ecological exchange that took place following Spanish establishment of colonies in New World; peoples of Europe and Africa came to New World; animals, plants, and diseases of two hemispheres were transferred | 9 | |
| 143324840 | Cape Colony | Dutch colony established at Cape of Good Hope in 1652 initially to provide a coastal station for the Dutch seaborne empire; by 1770 settlements had expanded sufficiently to come into conflict with Bantus | 10 | |
| 143324841 | Cape of Good Hope | Southern tip of Africa; first circumnavigated in 1488 by Portuguese in search of direct route to India | 11 | |
| 143324842 | Calcutta | Headquarters of British East India Company in Bengal in Indian subcontinent; located on Ganges; captured in 1756 during early part of Seven Years' War; later became administrative center for all of Bengal | 12 | |
| 143324843 | Ferdinand Magellan | Spanish captain who in 1519 initiated first circumnavigation of the globe; died during the voyage; allowed Spain to claim Philippines | 13 | |
| 143324844 | Treaty of Paris | Arranged in 1763 following Seven Years' War; granted New France to England in exchange for return of French sugar island in Caribbean | 14 | |
| 143324845 | battle of Lepanto | Naval battle between the Spanish and the Ottoman Empire resulting in a Spanish victory in 1571; demonstrated European naval superiority over Muslims | 15 | |
| 143324846 | Boers | Dutch settlers in Cape Colony | 16 | |
| 143324847 | mestizos | People of mixed European and Indian ancestry in Mesoamerica and South America; particularly prevalent in areas colonized by Spain; often part of forced labor system | 17 | |
| 143324848 | Atlantic colonies | British colonies in North America; originally restricted to the coastline of the Atlantic Ocean from New England to Georgia | 18 | |
| 143324849 | Francisco Pizarro | Led conquest of Inca Empire of Peru beginning in 1535; by 1540, most of Inca possessions fell to the Spanish | 19 | |
| 143324850 | New France | French colonies in North America; extended from St. Lawrence River along Great Lakes and down Mississippi River valley system | 20 |
