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| 688635747 | transformation | A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell. |  | 0 |
| 688635748 | bacteriophages | A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. |  | 1 |
| 688635749 | semiconservative model | Type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand, derived from the old molecule, and one newly made strand. |  | 2 |
| 688635750 | origins of replication | Site where the replication of a DNA molecule begins, consisting of a specific sequence of nucleotides. |  | 3 |
| 688635751 | replication fork | A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing. |  | 4 |
| 688635752 | DNA polymerases | An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the DNA molecule. |  | 5 |
| 688635753 | lagging strand | A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates by means of Okazaki fragments, each synthesized in a 5' to 3' direction away from the replication fork. |  | 6 |
| 688635754 | leading strand | The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' to 3' direction. |  | 7 |
| 688635755 | Okazaki fragments | Small fragments of DNA produced on the lagging strand during DNA replication, joined later by DNA ligase to form a complete strand. |  | 8 |
| 688635756 | primase | An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make the primer using the parental DNA strand as a template. |  | 9 |
| 688635757 | helicase | An enzyme that untwists the double helix at the replication forks, separating the two parental strands and making them available as template strands. |  | 10 |
| 688635758 | topoisomerase | A protein that functions in DNA replication, helping to relieve strain in the double helix ahead of the replication fork. |  | 11 |
| 688635759 | single-strand binding protein | Binds to and stabilizes single-stranded DNA until it can be used as a template. |  | 12 |
| 688635760 | nuclease | A DNA cutting enzyme that excises damaged DNA. |  | 13 |
| 688635761 | telomeres | Repeated DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. |  | 14 |
| 688635762 | telomerase | An enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres in eukaryotic germ cells. |  | 15 |
| 688635763 | Watson and Crick | Developed the double helix model of DNA. |  | 16 |
| 688635764 | Hersey-Chase Experiment | Devised an experiment that showed that only the DNA of T2 phages enters a bacterial cell during infection. |  | 17 |
| 688635765 | Frederick Griffith | This person discovered transformation during an experiment that involved injecting mice with smooth S cells, rough R cells, heat-killed S cells, and heat-killed S cells with living R cells. |  | 18 |
| 688635770 | Erwin Chargaff | Discovered that DNA composition varies, but the amount of adenine is always the same as thymine and the amount of cytosine is always the same as guanine. |  | 19 |
| 688635771 | Meselson & Stahl | Determined that DNA replication is semiconservative. |  | 20 |
