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| 688639757 | one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis | The premise that a gene is a segment of DNA that codes for one polypeptide. |  | 0 |
| 688639758 | transcription | Synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template. |  | 1 |
| 688639759 | messenger RNA (mRNA) | Carries genetic message from the DNA to he protein-synthesizing machinery of the cell. |  | 2 |
| 688639760 | translation | The synthesis of a polypeptide, which occurs under the direction of mRNA. |  | 3 |
| 688639761 | RNA processing | The modification of mRNA before it leaves the nucleus that is unique to eukaryotes. |  | 4 |
| 688639762 | primary transcript | The initial mRNA transcript that is transcribed from a protein coding gene. Also called pre-mRNA. |  | 5 |
| 688639763 | triplet code | Three-nucleotide long set that specifies a specific amino acid for a polypeptide chain. |  | 6 |
| 688639764 | template strand | The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an mRNA transcript. |  | 7 |
| 688639765 | codons | mRNA base triplets. | | 8 |
| 688639766 | reading frame | Reading mRNA nucleotides in the correct groupings. |  | 9 |
| 688639768 | RNA polymerase | Enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription. |  | 10 |
| 688639769 | promoter | A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing mRNA. |  | 11 |
| 688639770 | terminator | In prokaryotes, a special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. |  | 12 |
| 688639771 | transcription unit | stretch of DNA that's transcribed to RNA | | 13 |
| 688639772 | transcription factors | collection of proteins that mediate the binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of transcription |  | 14 |
| 688639773 | transcription initiation complex | the assembly of transcription factors and RNA polymerase |  | 15 |
| 688639774 | TATA box | crucial promoter DNA sequence |  | 16 |
| 688639775 | 5' cap | The 5' end of a pre-mRNA molecule modified by the addition of a cap of guanine nucleotide. |  | 17 |
| 688639776 | poly-A tail | Modified end of the 3' end of an mRNA molecule consisting of the addition of some 50 to 250 adenine nucleotides. |  | 18 |
| 688639777 | RNA splicing | Process by which the introns are removed from RNA transcripts and the remaining exons are joined together. |  | 19 |
| 688639778 | introns | Noncoding segments of nucleic acid that lie between coding sequences. |  | 20 |
| 688639779 | exons | Coding segments of eukaryotic DNA. |  | 21 |
| 688639780 | splicosome | Different particles that recognize splice sites are compiled in a large assembly., A complex of RNA and protein subunits. Removes introns from a transcribed pre-RNA segments. |  | 22 |
| 688639781 | ribozymes | RNA molecules that function as enzymes. |  | 23 |
| 688639782 | alternative RNA splicing | Genes giving rise to two or more different polypeptides depending upon which segments are treated as exons. |  | 24 |
| 688639783 | domains | Discrete structural and functional regions of proteins. |  | 25 |
| 688639784 | transfer RNA (tRNA) | Interpreter of a series of codons along a mRNA molecule. |  | 26 |
| 688639785 | anticodon | Specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule. |  | 27 |
| 688639786 | wobble | Flexibility in the base-pairing rules in which the nucleotide at the 5' end of a tRNA anticodon can form hydrogen bonds with more than one kind of base in the third position of a codon. |  | 28 |
| 688639788 | ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | RNA molecules that construct ribosomal subunits. |  | 29 |
| 688639789 | ribosomal P site | Site that holds tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain. |  | 30 |
| 688639790 | ribosomal A site | Site that holds the tRNA carrying the next amino acid to be added to the chain. |  | 31 |
| 688639791 | ribosomal E site | Site where discharged tRNAs leave the ribosome. |  | 32 |
| 688639792 | polyribosomes | Strings of ribosomes that work together to translate a RNA message. |  | 33 |
| 688639793 | signal peptide | A stretch of amino acids on a polypeptide that targets the protein to a specific destination in a eukaryotic cell. |  | 34 |
| 688639794 | signal-recognition particle | A protein-RNA complex that recognizes a signal peptide as it emerges from the ribosome. |  | 35 |
| 688639795 | mutations | Random errors in gene replication that lead to a change in the sequence of nucleotides. The source of all genetic diversity. |  | 36 |
| 688639796 | point mutations | Changes in a DNA sequence caused by substitution of one nucleotide for another. |  | 37 |
| 688639798 | missense mutations | Most common type of mutation, a base pair mutation in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid. |  | 38 |
| 688639799 | nonsense mutations | A mutation that changes an amino acid codon to one of three stop codons, resulting in a shorter and usually nonfunctional protein. |  | 39 |
| 688639801 | frameshift mutation | Mutation occurring when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three, resulting in improper grouping of nucleotides into codons. |  | 40 |
| 688639802 | mutagens | physical and chemical agents that interact with DNA to cause mutations |  | 41 |
