Terms : Hide Images
| 603852895 | Andrew Carnegie | A scottish immigrant who opened his own steelworks in Pittsburgh; he cut cost by striking deals with the railroads and bought out rivals who could not compete with him. | |
| 603852896 | John D. Rockefeller | Formed Standard Oil Trust and made millions while monopolizing the oil industry | |
| 603852897 | Social Darwinism | The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle. | |
| 603852898 | Homestead Strike | 1892 steelworker strike near Pittsburgh against the Carnegie Steel Company. Ten workers were killed in a riot when "scab" labor was brought in to force an end to the strike. | |
| 603852899 | Henry Clay Frick | Carnegie's cheif lieutenant, He made several wage cuts at the homestead plant causing the homestead strike | |
| 603852900 | Pinkerton Detective Agency | Private security force that specialized in anti-union activities. Used as a tool by businesses to break strikes | |
| 603852901 | Natural resources, friendly government practices, new technologies, transportation, increased labor | Reasons for Industrial Growth in United States | |
| 603852902 | Thomas Edison | American inventor best known for inventing the electric light bulb, acoustic recording on wax cylinders, and motion pictures. | |
| 603852903 | Alexander Graham Bell | United States inventor of the telephone | |
| 603852904 | The Wright Brothers | In 1903, they made the first flight. This achievement meant that people could traverse the world in shorter periods of time. | |
| 603852905 | Henry Ford | 1863-1947. American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines. | |
| 603852906 | The Assembly Line | It divided operations into simple tasks that unskilled workers could not do. Made it possible to lower the costs of manufacturing and produce massive quantities of goods. | |
| 603852907 | J.P. Morgan | A highly successful banker who bought out Carnegie. With Carnegie's holdings and some others, he launched U.S Steel and made it the first billion dollar corporation. | |
| 603852912 | Alexander Graham Bell | In 1876 he invented the telephone. | |
| 603852913 | Thomas A. Edison | In 1879 he invented the electric light bulb. | |
| 603852914 | Bessemer Process | This process, developed by Henry Bessemer in the late 1800s, consisted of blowing air through molten iron to burn out impurities to form more durable and versatile steel. | |
| 603852915 | Charles and Frank Duryea | Built the first gasoline-driven automobile in America in 1903. | |
| 603852917 | Wilbur and Orville Wright | Owned a bicycle shop and started experimenting with a glider propelled by an internalized combustion engine. By the fall of 1904 they had a plane that could fly 23 miles. | |
| 603852918 | Frederick Winslow Taylor | The leading theoretician of "Taylorism" that included, basically an assembly line that would decrease the dependence on employees and their abilities. | |
| 603852919 | Cornelius Vanderbilt | The railroad magnate who expressed the attitude of many corporate tycoons saying that they're too powerful for the law. | |
| 603852920 | I.M. Singer | Created when Isaac Singer patented a sewing machine in 1851. I. M. Singer and Company was one of the first modern manufacturing corporations. | |
| 603852922 | Herbert Spencer | English philosopher who was the first and most important proponent of Social Darwinism theory. He argued that society benefited from the elimination of the unfit and the survival of the strong and talented. His books were popular in America in the 1870s and 1880s. | |
| 603852923 | "Invisible Hand" | The economic system was like a great and delicate machine functioning by natural and automatic rules, by the "invisible hand" of market forces. The greatest of these rules, the law of supply and demand, determined all economic values—prices, wages, rents, interest rates at a level that was just to all concerned. | |
| 603852924 | The Gospel of Wealth | Book written by Andrew Carnegie in 1901 that elaborated on the "gospel of wealth" idea that people of great wealth, had not only great power but great responsibility; it was their duty to use their riches to advance social progress. | |
| 603852926 | Socialist/American Labor Party | Founded in 1870s and led for many years by Daniel De Leon an immigrant from West Indies. De Leon's theoretical and dogmatic approach appealed to intellectuals more than to workers. | |
| 603852928 | Padrones | Greek and Italian immigrants, recruited work gangs for employers | |
| 603852929 | National Labor Union | 1st attempt to unite separate unions into a single national organization came in 1866 founded by William H. Sylvis. Included a variety of reform groups having little direct relationship with labor. After the Panic of 1873, disintegrated and disappeared. | |
| 603852930 | Molly Maguires | A militant labor organization in the anthracite coal region of Pennsylvania; operated within the Ancient Order of Hibernians, an Irish fraternal society and sometimes used terrorist tactics. They attempted to intimidate the coal operators through violence and occasionally murder. They added to the growing belief that labor activism was motivated by dangerous radicals. | |
| 603852931 | Samuel Gompers | Powerful leader of American Federation of Labor (AFL) who accepted basic premises of capitalism; his goal was simply to secure for the workers he represented a greater share of capitalism's material rewards. He was hostile to any government efforts to protect labor or improve working conditions, convinced that what government could give it could also take away. | |
| 603852932 | "Anarchism" | After the Haymarket bombing, anarchism became a code word in the public mind for terrorism and violence even though most anarchists were relatively peaceful visionaries dreaming of new social order. | |
| 603852933 | Eugene V. Debbs | After the Pullman Company cut wages by 25% but refused to reduce rents in its model town which were 20-25% higher compared to others. Workers went on strike and persuaded the militant American Railway Union, to support them by refusing to handle Pullman cars and equipment. Discharged switchmen who refused to handle Pullman cars, were encouraged to walk off their jobs. Within a few days thousands of railroad workers in 27 states and territories were on strike and transportation from Chicago to the Pacific coast was paralyzed. | |
| 603852934 | Women's Trade Union League | Women responded to the exclusion by the AFL in 1903 by forming their own organization. Focused its attention to securing protective legislation for female workers. | |
| 604044005 | George Bissell | Started the commercial industry for oil in Western PA when he showed it could be used for lamps. Also he showed it could yield in some products like paraffin, naphtha, and lubricating oil. He raised money and began drilling in 1859. | |
| 604044006 | Gottfried Daimler | perfected the engine that could be used in automobiles | |
| 604044008 | Taylorism | Frederick Winslow Taylor. The idea that scientific managment was a way to increase the employers control of the workplace. He urged employers to subdivided tasks, to speed up production, and decrease being dependent on a specific worker. | |
| 604044009 | horizontal integration | Type of monopoly where a company buys out all of its competition. Ex. Rockefeller | |
| 604044010 | vertical integration | absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in all aspects of a product's manufacture from raw materials to distribution | |
| 604044011 | holding company | a company with controlling shares in other companies | |
| 604044012 | self-made men | success based on hard work not family wealth | |
| 604044013 | Erie war | Vanderbilt vs Gould/Fisk for control of Erie Railroad bribed members of NY legislature | |
| 604044014 | Gospel of Wealth | This was a book written by Carnegie that described the responsibility of the rich to be philanthropists. This softened the harshness of Social Darwinism as well as promoted the idea of philanthropy. | |
| 604044015 | Russell H. Conwell | Wrote Acres of Diamonds. States that money is not a problem, like Aristotle states, but the "love" of money that is bad. Believes it is your duty to get rich and that men who are rich are honest ment. ideas very similar to emerson. | |
| 604044016 | Horatio Alger | Popular novelist during the Industrial Revolution who wrote "rags to riches" books praising the values of hard work | |
| 604044017 | Railroad Strike of 1877 | strike on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad quickly spread across 11 states and shut down 2/3rds of the country's rail trackage; railroad workers were joined by an estimated 500000 workers from other industries in an escalating strike that was quickly becoming national in scale; Hayes used federal troops to end the labor violence | |
| 604044018 | Haymarket Square | In Chicago, home to about 80,000 Knights and a few hundred anarchists that advocated a violent overthrow of the American government, tensions had been building, and on May 4, 1886, Chicago police were advancing on a meeting that had been called to protest brutalities by authorities when a dynamite bomb was thrown, killing or injuring several dozen people. This was called the Haymarket Square Bombing. | |
| 604044019 | Pullman Strike | in Chicago, Pullman cut wages but refused to lower rents in the "company town", Eugene Debs had American Railway Union refuse to use Pullman cars, Debs thrown in jail after being sued, strike achieved nothing |
