Terms : Hide Images
| 259690781 | Serfdom | Lords in Eastern Europe revived serfdom to combat increasing economic challenges. Lords demanded that kings and princes issue laws restricting or eliminating peasants' right of moving freely | 0 | |
| 259690782 | Aristocracy | A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility | 1 | |
| 259690783 | Peter I | Also known as Peter the Great; son of Alexis Romanov; ruled from 1689 to 1725; continued growth of absolutism and conquest; included more definite interest in changing selected aspects of economy and culture through imitation of western European models. | 2 | |
| 259690784 | Separation of Church and State | the division between religion and government | 3 | |
| 259690785 | Bureaucracy | a system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials | 4 | |
| 259690786 | Ivan IV | First Czar of Russia. During good Era: made many reforms, Created a council that included members from all classes, Defeated Mongols and expanded borders. During bad Era: Paranoid and strict policies lost many of his followers. Killed his only heir and launched Russia into a Time of Troubles. | 5 | |
| 259690787 | Czar/Tsar | the title given to the Russian monarch | 6 | |
| 259690788 | Boyar | landowning noble in Russia under the czars | 7 | |
| 259690789 | Romanov | the ruling family of Russia for nearly three hundred years | 8 | |
| 259690790 | Russian Orthodox | Russian form of Christianity imported from Byzantine Empire and combined with local religion; king characteristically controlled major appointments | 9 | |
| 259690791 | Siberia | a region of central and eastern Russia, stretching from the Ural mountains to the pacific ocean, known for its mineral resources and for being a place of political exile | 10 | |
| 259690792 | Cossack | a member of a Slavic people living in southern European Russia and Ukraine and adjacent parts of Asia and noted for their horsemanship and military skill | 11 | |
| 259690793 | Old Believer | Moved and exempt to siberia because they believed in the old Orthodox Christianity. | 12 | |
| 259690794 | Balkans | geopolitical and cultural region of southeastern Europe. Greece and the region North of Greece. | 13 | |
| 259690795 | Catherine I | German Princess married to Peter III. Wanted to westernize. Encourages nobility to speak French. Allows religious freedom. Initially condemns serfdom.Became Russian leader after the death of Peter III. | 14 | |
| 259690796 | Coercive labor | Any labor system that involves force (slavery, serfdom, and indentured labor) | 15 | |
| 259690797 | Baltic | of or pertaining to or characteristic of the Baltic States or their peoples or languages | 16 | |
| 259690798 | St. Petersburg | built to attract europeans and to get warm water ports.. also to provide contact with the west..Capitol city created by Peter the Great to resemble a French city. It was built on land taken from Sweden | 17 | |
| 259690799 | Moscow | Russian city that grew in power and its amount of land because it was located along trade routes. This city became capital in the 1400s | 18 | |
| 259690800 | Ivan III | Ivan the Great; built framework for absolute rule; limited power of boyars; double headed eagle; took title of Czar; adopted Byz. court rituals. Made Russian orthodox religion controlled by state. | 19 | |
| 259690801 | Janissary | member of elite fighting force comprised of christian slaves in the Ottoman Empire | 20 | |
| 259690802 | Mosque | Muslim house of worship | 21 | |
| 259690803 | Religious orthodoxy | Ashoka only followed the orthodox ways of Buddhism. Was very Buddhist and went out and helped people in pilgrimages. (Mauryan Empire) | 22 | |
| 259690804 | Sultan | military and political leader with absolute authority over a Muslim country | 23 | |
| 259690805 | Battle of Chaldiran | 16th Century. The Safavids vs the Ottomans; Ottomans won, and this symbolized the two greatest world powers at the time clashing together; religious war (Shi'ites Vs. Sunnis). | 24 | |
| 259690806 | Safavid | The shi'ite muslim dynasty that ruled in persia between the 16th and 18th centuries | 25 | |
| 259690807 | Ottoman | the Turkish dynasty that ruled the Ottoman Empire from the 13th century to its dissolution after World War I | 26 | |
| 259690808 | Mughal | one of the nomads who invaded the Indian subcontinent in the 16th century and established a powerful Muslim empire there | 27 | |
| 259690809 | Shi'ism | Although Shi'a Muslims believe that Muhammad was the last prophet to ever be, they believe that the imams, their religious authority leaders, have the ability for inspired and infallible interpretations of the Qu'ran. The first imam was Ali, cousin, adopted son, and son-in-law of Muhammad. Further imams also came from direct descendence from Muhammad. The majority of Shi'a believe that the 12th and final imam has withdrawn into occulation since the 3rd century of Islam and his return will have a messianic quality heralding the end of the world. | 28 | |
| 259690810 | Commerce | buying and selling of goods | 29 | |
| 259690811 | Sunni | a member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad | 30 | |
| 259690812 | Galley | a large medieval vessel with a single deck propelled by sails and oars with guns at stern and prow | 31 | |
| 259690813 | Constantinople | Emperor Constantine,AD 330 moved the capital from Rome to the Greek city Byzantium in the east, and renamed the city. This city became the capital of the Roman empire. It was strategically located for trade and defense purposes. | 32 | |
| 259690814 | 1453 | ottoman turks capture Constantinople | 33 | |
| 259690815 | Artillery | cannon and large guns, made sieges on cities happen quicker | 34 | |
| 259690816 | Shah | an Islamic king, often from Persia or Iran | 35 | |
| 259690817 | Abbas I | a.k.a. Abbas the Great; stretches Safavid Empire to height of strength and prosperity | 36 | |
| 259690818 | Suleiman | Ottoman sultan who brought the Ottoman Empire to its height; he succeeded in defeating the Habsburgs and capturing Vienna. | 37 | |
| 259690819 | Aurangzeb | Mughal emperor in India and great-grandson of Akbar 'the Great', under whom the empire reached its greatest extent, only to collapse after his death | 38 | |
| 259690820 | Hindu | religion that adhered to the strict rules of the caste system | 39 | |
| 259690821 | subcontinent | a large and distinctive landmass (as India or Greenland) that is a distinct part of some continent | 40 | |
| 259690822 | Din-I-Illahi | Religion initiated by Akbar in Mughal India; blended elements of many faiths of the subcontinent; key efforts to reconcile Hindus and Muslims in India, but failed | 41 | |
| 259690823 | Akbar | Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus. | 42 | |
| 259690824 | Babar | Mongol descendant who conquered India and started the Mogul dynasty who fostered Persian culture (music, literature & art) | 43 | |
| 259690825 | Timur | Member of a prominent family of the Mongols' Jagadai Khanate, Timur through conquest gained control over much of Central Asia and Iran. He consolidated the status of Sunni Islam as orthodox, and his descendants, the Timurids, maintained his empire. (336) | 44 | |
| 259690826 | Self-sufficiency | the idea of providing for yourself all your needs and necessities. This idea became especially popular after the Roman centers of trade collapsed in the fifth century in Europe because people moved out to more rural areas. | 45 | |
| 259690827 | Textiles | fabrics that are woven or knitted; material for clothing | 46 | |
| 259690828 | Cotton | The plant that produces fibers from which many textiles are woven. Native to India, it spread throughout Asia and then to the New World. It has been a major cash crop in various places, including early Islamic Iran, Yi Korea, Egypt, and the US | 47 | |
| 259690829 | Patron of Arts | Church leaders during the Renaissance who beautified Rome and other cities by spending huge amounts of money on art, those who financially supported artists. | 48 | |
| 259690830 | Sufi | A Muslim who seeks to achieve direct contact with God through mystical means | 49 | |
| 259690831 | Zoroastrianism | A religion originating in ancient Iran with the prophet Zoroaster. It centered on a single benevolent deity-Ahuramazda, Emphasizing truth-telling, purity, and reverence for nature, the religion demanded that humans choose sides between good and evil (120) | 50 |
