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| 321558742 | Continental System | Napoleon's effort to bar British goods from the Continent in the hope of weakening Britain's economy and destroying its capacity to wage war. | 0 | |
| 321558743 | Scientific Revolution | the transition from the medeval worldveiw to a largely secular, rational, and materialistic perspective; it began in the seventeenth century and was popularized in the eighteenth. | 1 | |
| 321558744 | Geocentric Theory | the idea that the earth is at the center of the universe and that the sun and other celestial objects revolve around the earth. | 2 | |
| 321558745 | Heliocentric Theory | the idea that the sun (not the earth) is at the center of the universe. | 3 | |
| 321558746 | World - Machine | Newton's conception of the universe as one huge, regulated, and uniform machine that operated according to natural laws in absolute time, space, and motion. | 4 | |
| 321558747 | Cartesian Dualism | Descartes's principle of the separation of mind and matter ( and mind and body) that enabled scientists to view matter as something separate from themselves that could be investigated by reason. | 5 | |
| 321558748 | Enlightenment | an eighteenth - century intellectual movement, led by the philosophes, that stressed the application of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of life. | 6 | |
| 321558749 | Rationalism | a system of thought based on the belief that human reason and experience are the chief sources of knowledge. | 7 | |
| 321558750 | Philosophes | intellectuals of the eighteenth - century Enlightenment who believed in applying a spirit of rational criticism to all things, including religion and politics, and who focused on improving and enjoying this world rather than on the afterlife. | 8 | |
| 321558751 | Separation of Powers | a doctrine enunciated by Montesquieu in the eighteenth century that separate executive, legislative, and judicial powers serve to limit and control each other. | 9 | |
| 321558752 | Deism | belief in God as the creator of the universe who, after setting it in motion, ceased to have any direct involvement in it and allowed it to run according to its own natural laws. | 10 | |
| 321558753 | Laissez - Faire | French for "leave it alone." An economic doctrine that holds that an economy is best served when the government does not interfere but allows the economy to self - regulate according to the forces of supply and demand. | 11 | |
| 321558754 | Feminism | the belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes; also, organized activity to advance women's rights. | 12 | |
| 321558755 | Rococo | a style, especially of decoration and architecture, that developed from the Baroque and spread throughout Europe by the 1730s. While still elaborate, it emphasized curves, lightness, and charm in the pursuit of pleasure, happiness, and love. | 13 | |
| 321558756 | High Culture | the literary and artistic culture of the educated and wealthy ruling classes. | 14 | |
| 321558757 | Popular Culture | as opposed to high culture, the unofficial written and unwritten culture of the masses, much of which was passed down orally; centered on public and group activities such as festivals. In the twentieth century, the entertainment, recreation, and pleasures that people purchase as part of mass consumer society. | 15 | |
| 321558758 | Cottage Industry | a system of textile manufacturing in which spinners and weavers worked at home in their cottages using raw materials supplied ot them by capitalist entrepreneurs. | 16 | |
| 321558759 | Patricians | great landowners who became the ruling class in the Roman Republic; in Early Modern Europe, a term used to identify the ruling elites of cities. | 17 | |
| 321558760 | Rentier | a person who lives on income from property and is not personally invloved in its operation. | 18 | |
| 321558761 | Mestizos | the offspring of intermarriage between Europeans, originally Spaniards, and native American Indians. | 19 | |
| 321558762 | Mulattoes | the offspring of Africans and Europeans , particularly in Latin America. | 20 | |
| 321558763 | Peons | in Latin America, a native peasant permanently dependent on the landowners. | 21 | |
| 321558764 | Creoles | in Latin America, American - born descendants of Europeans. | 22 | |
| 321558765 | Enlightened Absolutism | an absolute monarchy in which the ruler follows the principles of the Englightenment by introducing reforms for the improvement of society, allowing freedom of speech and the press, permitting religious toleration, expanding education, and ruling in accordance with the laws. | 23 | |
| 321558766 | Natural Rights | certain inalienable rights to which all people are entitled; they include the right to life, liberty, and ownership of property; freedom of speech and religion; and equal treatment under the law. | 24 | |
| 321558767 | Old Order / Old Regime | the political and social system of France in the eighteenth century before the Revolution. | 25 | |
| 321558768 | Nationalism | a sense of national consciousness based on awareness of being part of a community - a "nation" - that has common institutions, traditions, language, and customs and that becomes the focus of the individual's primary political loyalty. | 26 | |
| 321558769 | Adam Smith | ... | 27 | |
| 321558770 | Catherine the Great | ... | 28 | |
| 321558771 | Committee of Public Safety | ... | 29 | |
| 321558772 | Copernicus | ... | 30 | |
| 321558773 | Descartes | ... | 31 | |
| 321558774 | Diderot | ... | 32 | |
| 321558775 | Estates General | ... | 33 | |
| 321558776 | Galileo | ... | 34 | |
| 321558777 | John Locke | ... | 35 | |
| 321558778 | Joseph II | ... | 36 | |
| 321558779 | Mercantilism | ... | 37 | |
| 321558780 | Montesquieu | ... | 38 | |
| 321558781 | National Assembly | ... | 39 | |
| 321558782 | Peninsular | ... | 40 | |
| 321558783 | Robespierre | ... | 41 | |
| 321558784 | Rousseau | ... | 42 | |
| 321558785 | Voltaire | ... | 43 |
