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| 1061864956 | Lewis Cass | 1848 Democratic candidate known as the Father of Popular Sovereignty | 1 | |
| 1061864957 | Stephen A. Douglas | Senator from Illinois who ran for president against Abraham Lincoln. Wrote the Kansas-Nebreaska Act and the Freeport Doctrine | 2 | |
| 1061864958 | Franklin Pierce | an American politician and the fourteenth President of the United States. Pierce's popularity in the North declined sharply after he came out in favor of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, repealing the Missouri Compromise and reopening the question of the expansion of slavery in the West. | 3 | |
| 1061864959 | Zachary Taylor | General that was a military leader in Mexican-American War and 12th president of the United States. Sent by president Polk to lead the American Army against Mexico at Rio Grande, but defeated. | 4 | |
| 1061864960 | John C. Calhoun | South Carolina Senator - advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification | 5 | |
| 1061864961 | Winfield Scott | United States general who was a hero of the War of 1812 and who defeated Santa Anna in the Mexican War (1786-1866) | 6 | |
| 1061864962 | Martin Van Buren | Served as secretary of state during Andrew Jackson's first term, vice president during Jackson's second term, and won the presidency in 1836 | 7 | |
| 1061864963 | Daniel Webster | Senator who, originally pro-North, supported the Compromise of 1850 and subsequently lost favor from his constituency | 8 | |
| 1061864964 | Matthew C. Perry | took naval expedition to japan to negotiate a trade treaty | 9 | |
| 1061864965 | Harriet Tubman | United States abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad leading other slaves to freedom in the North (1820-1913) | 10 | |
| 1061864966 | William H. Seward | senator of NY; antislavery and argued that God's moral law was higher than the constitution | 11 | |
| 1061864967 | James Gadsden | American diplomat, politician, and railroad promoter who negotiated the Gadsden Purchase. | 12 | |
| 1061864968 | Henry Clay | United States politician responsible for the Missouri Compromise between free and slave states (1777-1852) | 13 | |
| 1061864969 | Millard Fillmore | Successor of President Zachary Taylor after his death on July 9th 1850. He helped pass the Compromise of 1850 by gaining the support of Northern Whigs for the compromise. | 14 | |
| 1061864970 | William Walker | installed himself as the President of Nicaragua in July 1856. He legalized slavery, but was overthrown by surrounding Central American countries and killed in 1860. | 15 | |
| 1061864971 | popular sovereignty | people hold the final authority in all matters of government | 16 | |
| 1061864972 | filibustering | The act of talking endlessly to delay the vote on Senate bills | 17 | |
| 1061864973 | Free Soil party | Formed in 1847 - 1848, dedicated to opposing slavery in newly acquired territories such as Oregon and ceded Mexican territory. | 18 | |
| 1061864974 | Fugitive Slave Law | Mandated that northern states forcibly return escaped slaves to their owners in the South. | 19 | |
| 1061864975 | "conscience" Whigs | Anti-slavery whigs who opposed both the Texas annexation and the Mexican War on moral grounds. | 20 | |
| 1061864976 | personal liberty laws | Laws passed by Northern states forbidding the imprisonment of escaped slaves | 21 | |
| 1061864977 | Underground Railroad | a system of secret routes used by escaping slaves to reach freedom in the North or in Canada | 22 | |
| 1061864978 | Compromise of 1850 | Includes California admitted as a free state, the Fugitive Slave Act, Made popular sovereignty in most other states from Mexican- American War | 23 | |
| 1061864979 | fire eaters | refers to a group of extremist pro-slavery politicians from the South who urged the separation of southern states into a new nation, which became known as the Confederate States of America. | 24 | |
| 1061864980 | Clayton-Bulwer Treaty | between U.S. and Great Britain agreeing that neither country would try to obtain exclusive rights to canal across Isthmus of Panama; Abrogated by U.S. in 1881 | 25 | |
| 1061864981 | Ostend Manifesto | a declaration (1854) issued from Ostend, Belgium, by the U.S. ministers to England, France, and Spain, stating that the U.S. would be justified in seizing Cuba if Spain did not sell it to the U.S. | 26 | |
| 1061864982 | higher law | A set of laws that establish and limit the power of government | 27 | |
| 1061864983 | Kansas-Nebraska Act | This Act set up Kansas and Nebraska as states. Each state would use popular sovereignty to decide what to do about slavery. People who were proslavery and antislavery moved to Kansas, but some antislavery settlers were against the Act. This began guerrilla warfare. | 28 | |
| 1061864984 | Gadsen Purchase | strip of land in present day Arizona and New Mexico for which the United States paid Mexico $10 million in 1853. | 29 | |
| 1061864985 | Treaty of Wanghia | The first diplomatic agreement between China and America in history, signed on July 3, 1844. Since America signed as a nation interested in trade instead of colonization, it was rewarded with extraordinary amount of trading power. | 30 |
