The American Pageant 14th Edition
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| 589023360 | Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | ended the Mexican-American war in 1848; granted the U.S. control of Texas, New Mexico, and California in exchange for $15 million; started a whole new debate about the extension of slavery in the new lands | 0 | |
| 589023361 | Wilmot Proviso | proposed in 1846 by Northerners that Congress ban slavery in all southwestern lands that might become states; passed in the House but not by the Senate; Slave States saw it as a Northern attack on slavery | 1 | |
| 589023362 | "fire-eaters" | refers to a group of extremist pro-slavery politicians from the South who urged the separation of southern states into a new nation, which became known as the Confederate States of America | 2 | |
| 589023369 | popular sovereignty | the concept that people should vote whether to be a slave state or free state | 3 | |
| 589023372 | Election of 1848 Candidates | General Zachary Taylor - Whig Party (war hero, doesn't know politics) Martin Van Buren - Free Soil Party (anti-slavery democrats) Lewis Cass - Democrat Party (popular sovereignty) | 4 | |
| 589023376 | Election of 1848 | first election where everyone voted on the same day; Zachary Taylor wins narrowly but dies and so his VP Millard Fillmore takes his place | 5 | |
| 600780435 | Zachary Taylor | nominated by Whig party & made the 12th president of the US; had no political experience but very popular; sent by President Polk to lead the American Army against Mexico at Rio Grande, but defeated; general that was a military leader in Mexican-American War | 6 | |
| 600780436 | "Conscience Whigs" | anti-slavery whigs (mainly living in the North) who opposed both the Texas annexation and the Mexican War on moral grounds | 7 | |
| 600780437 | Free-Soil Party | formed from the remnants of the Liberty Party in 1848; adopting a slogan of "free soil, free speech, free labor, and free men," it opposed the spread of slavery into territories; nominated Martin Van Buren (1848) for president | 8 | |
| 600780438 | California Statehood | gold was discovered in California in 1848; thousands flooded into the state; California drafted a constitution and then applied for free statehood, thus bypassing the usual territorial stage and avoiding becoming a slave state | 9 | |
| 600780439 | Harriet Tubman | American abolitionist; born a slave on a Maryland plantation; escaped to the North in 1849; became the most renowned conductor on the Underground Railroad; led more than 300 slaves to freedom | 10 | |
| 600780440 | Underground Railroad | a network of people who helped thousands of enslaved people escape to the North by providing transportation and hiding places | 11 | |
| 600780441 | "The Great Pacificator" | Henry Clay became known as this for his efforts on behalf of the Missouri Compromise | 12 | |
| 600780442 | Henry Clay | nicknamed "The Great Compromiser"; urged concession from both the North and the South (the North for a fugitive slave law, the South for others); Stephen Douglas supported him on this | 13 | |
| 600780443 | Stephen F. Douglas | nicknamed "The Little Giant"; American legislator who wrote the Kansas-Nebraska Act (Compromise 1850); debated Abraham Lincoln in a race for a senate seat from Illinois | 14 | |
| 600780444 | "The Little Giant" | Nickname for Stephen Douglas | 15 | |
| 600780445 | John C. Calhoun | Nicknamed "The Great Nullifier"; Leader of the Fugitive Slave Law; also argued on the floor of the senate that slavery was needed in the south; advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification | 16 | |
| 600780446 | "The Great Nullifier" | Nickname for John Calhoun | 17 | |
| 600780447 | Calhoun's Proposal | stated that neither Congress or any territorial government had no authority to ban slavery from a territory or regulate it in any way as it is a matter of state sovereignty | 18 | |
| 600780448 | Daniel Webster | United States politician and orator; leader of the Whig Party; originally pro-North; supported the Compromise of 1850 and subsequently lost favor from his constituency; famous for the "Seventh of March" speech | 19 | |
| 600780449 | Seventh of March Speech | speech by Daniel Webster which called upon his fellow senators to give their full support to the Compromise of 1850; argued that slaves couldn't be supported in the new territories either way because the land didn't cultivate cotton | 20 | |
| 600780450 | William H. Seward | senator of NY; antislavery and argued that God's moral law was higher than the constitution | 21 | |
| 600780451 | "Higher Law" | Senator William Seward's doctrine that slavery should be excluded from the territories as contrary to a divine moral law standing above even the Constitution | 22 | |
| 600780452 | Nashville Convention | meeting of representatives of nine southern states in the summer of 1850 to monitor the negotiations over the Compromise of 1850; it called for extension of the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific Ocean and a stronger Fugitive Slave Law; convention accepted the Compromise but laid the groundwork for a southern confederacy in 1860-1861 | 23 | |
| 600780453 | Compromise of 1850 | Forestalled the Civil War by instating the Fugitive Slave Act , banning slave trade in DC, admitting California as a free state, splitting up the Texas territory, and instating popular sovereignty in the Mexican Cession; North got the better deal | 24 | |
| 600780454 | Fugitive Slave Law | the most controversial portion of the Compromise of 1850; South thought this law would be helpful for returning slaves, but they didn't realize that none of the Northerners would actually follow it; North passed laws that made the Fugitive Slave law hard to enforce and the abolitionist cause grew stronger as a result of the Law | 25 | |
| 600780455 | "The Bloodhound Bill" | nickname for the Fugitive Slave Law because it made Northerners feel like slave catchers | 26 | |
| 600780456 | "personal liberty laws" | pre-Civil War laws passed by Northern state governments to counteract the provisions of the Fugitive Slave Acts and to protect escaped slaves and free blacks settled in the North, by giving them the right to a jury trial | 27 | |
| 601276878 | Election of 1852 Candidates | Democrats nominated Franklin Pierce; Whigs nominated Winfield Scott | 28 | |
| 601276879 | Election of 1852 | Whig party splits over nomination Fillmore v. Scott; Antislavery North vs. Southern Whigs that disliked Winfield Scott; Doomed Whig Party - Democratic party united under Pierce; Franklin Pierce wins | 29 | |
| 601276880 | Franklin Pierce | an American politician and the fourteenth President of the United States; his popularity in the North declined sharply after he came out in favor of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, repealing the Missouri Compromise and reopening the question of the expansion of slavery in the West | 30 | |
| 601276881 | "Young Hickory from the Granite Hills" | nickname for Franklin Pierce | 31 | |
| 601276882 | William Walker | a proslavery American adventurer from the South, he led an expedition to seize control on Nicaragua in 1855; wanted to petition for annexation it as a new slave state but failed when several Latin American countries sent troops to oust him before the offer was made | 32 | |
| 601276883 | Matthew C. Perry | Commodore of the U.S. Navy who compelled the opening of Japan to the West with the Treaty of Kanagawa in 1854; brought many war ships with him to show America's strength, and to intimidate and persuade the Japanese | 33 | |
| 601276884 | Black Warrior | the American steamer which was seized by Spanish officials in 1854 as a show of force after Americans tried to seize Cuba by force; forcing the Ostend Manifesto | 34 | |
| 601276885 | Ostend Manifesto | a declaration (1854) issued from Ostend, Belgium, by the U.S. ministers to England, France, and Spain, stating that the U.S. would be justified in seizing Cuba if Spain did not sell it to the U.S; was not carried through in part because the North feared Cuba would become another slave state | 35 | |
| 601276886 | Transcontinental Railroad Routes | Southerners wanted it to go through the south of America; Northerners wanted it to go through the north of America | 36 | |
| 601276887 | Gadsden Purchase | strip of land in present-day Arizona and New Mexico that was acquired by the U.S. in 1853 for $10 million from Mexico in order to run the Transcontinental Railroad through that area | 37 | |
| 601276888 | Jefferson Davis | current Secretary of War in 1853; sent James Gadsden to Mexico to buy land | 38 | |
| 601276889 | Kansas - Nebraska Act | an act made to decide if the Kansas-Nebraska territory would be slave or free by popular sovereignty; dispute strengthened the rift between the north and south states; act was backed by Stephen Douglas who was trying to get the transcontinental railroad through Chicago | 39 | |
| 601278644 | Outcome of Kan/Neb Act | wrecked the Missouri Compromise of 1820; indirectly wrecked the Compromise of 1850; Northerners no longer enforced the Fugitive Slave Law at all; Southerners were still angry; Democratic Party was hopelessly split into two | 40 |
