The Earth and Its Peoples
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| 5644101795 | Ottoman Empire | Islamic state founded by Osman in north western Anatolia ca. 1300. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire, the Ottoman Empire was based at Istanbul from 1453 to 1922. It encompassed lands in the middle east, north Africa, the Caucasus, in Eastern Europe. | 0 | |
| 5644101796 | Suleiman the Magnificent | 1494-1566; The most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman Empire; also known as Suleiman Kanuni. He significantly expanded the empire into the Balkans and eastern Mediterranean. | 1 | |
| 5644101797 | Janissaries | Infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with fire arms and constituting the elite of the ottoman army from the fifteenth century until the corps was abolished in 1826. | 2 | |
| 5644101798 | Tulip Period | 1718-1730; last years of the reign of Ottoman sultan Ahmed III, during which European styles and attitudes became briefly popular in Istanbul. | 3 | |
| 5644101799 | Safavid Empire | Iranian kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi'ite state. | 4 | |
| 5644101800 | Hidden Imam | Last in a series of 12 descendent of Mohammad's son-in-law Ali, whom Shi'ites consider divinely appointed leaders of the Muslim community. In occlusion since ca. 873, he is expected to return as the Messiah at the end of time. | 5 | |
| 5644101801 | Mughal Empire | Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. | 6 | |
| 5644101802 | Akbar | 1542-1605; most illustrious Sultan of the Mughal Empire in India. He expanded the empire in pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus. | 7 | |
| 5644101803 | Mansabs | In India, grants of land given in return for service by rulers of them Mughal Empire. | 8 | |
| 5644101804 | Rajputs | Members of a mainly Hindu warrior caste from Northwest India. The Mughal Empire drew most of their Hindu officials from this caste, and Akbar married a Rajput princess. | 9 | |
| 5644101805 | Achech Sultanate | Muslim kingdom in northern Sumatra. Main center of Islamic expansion in southeast Asia in the early seventeenth century, it declined after the Dutch seized Malacca from Portugal in 1641. | 10 | |
| 5644101806 | Oman | Arab state based in Musqat, the main port in the southwest region of the Arabian Peninsula. Oman succeeded Portugal as a power in the western Indian Ocean and eighteenth century. | 11 | |
| 5644101807 | Swahili | Bantu language would Arabic loanwords spoken in coastal regions of East Africa. | 12 |
