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| 8593080955 | Ottoman Empire | Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia around 1300. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire, the Ottoman Empire was based at Istanbul | 0 | |
| 8593080956 | Suleiman the Magnificent | The most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman Empire; also known as Suleiman Kanuni. "the Lawgiver," he significantly expanded the empire in the balkans and eastern Mediterranean | 1 | |
| 8593081318 | Janissary | Infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from 15th century until crops was abolished in 1826 | 2 | |
| 8593081770 | Devshirme | A new system imposed a levy of male children on Christian villages in the Balkans and occasionally elsewhere. Selected children were please with Turkish families for language learning and then sent to Istanbul for education. | 3 | |
| 8593081771 | Tulip Period | Last years of the reign of the Ottoman Sultan Ahmed III, during which European styles and attitudes became briefly popular in Istanbul. | 4 | |
| 8593082264 | Safavid Empire | Iranian Kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi'ite state. | 5 | |
| 8593082265 | Ismail | The ultimate victor in a complicated struggle for power among Turkish chieftains east of the Ottoman lands. A boy of Kurdish, Iranian, and Greek ancestry. | 6 | |
| 8593082610 | Shi'ite Islam | Muslims belonging to branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a. descendant of Muhammad;s son-in-law . | 7 | |
| 8593082611 | Hidden Imam | Last in a series of twelve descendants of Ali, whom Shi'ites consider divinely appointed leaders of the Muslim community in occlusion since roughly 873, expected to return as a messiah at the end of time. | 8 | |
| 8593082612 | Istanbul | Built on seven hills beside the narrow Golden Horn inlet, Istanbul boasted a skyline punctuated by the gray stone domes and thin gold minarets. | 9 | |
| 8593082944 | Isfahan | Became Iran's capital by decree of Shah Abbas I in 1598. | 10 | |
| 8593082945 | Shah Abas I | The fifth and most renowned ruler of the Safavid dynasty (r. 1587-1629). Abbas moved to royal capital to Isfahan in 1598. | 11 | |
| 8593083269 | Mughal Empire | Muslim state (1526-1858) exercising dominion over most over of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries before political fragmentation caused decline. | 12 | |
| 8593083270 | Akbar | Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus. | 13 | |
| 8593083832 | Mansabs | In India, grants of land given in return for service by rulers of the Mughal Empire. | 14 | |
| 8593083833 | Rajputs | Members of a mainly Hindu warrior caste from Northwest India. The Mughal emperors drew most of their Hindu officials from this caste, and Akbar married a Rajput princesss. | 15 | |
| 8593083834 | Sikhism | Meaning a "disciple" or a "learner", is a religion that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent about the end of the 15th century. | 16 | |
| 8593084195 | Acheh Sultanate | Muslim Kingdom in Northern Sumatra. Main center of Islamic expansion in Southeast Asia in the early seventeenth century, it declined after the Dutch seized Malacca from Portugal in 1641. | 17 | |
| 8593084196 | Oman | Arab state based in Musqat, the main port in the southeast region of the Arabian peninsula; Oman succeeded Portugal as a power in the western Indian Ocean in the eighteenth century | 18 | |
| 8593084197 | Swahili | Bantu language with Arabic loanwords spoken in costal regions of East Africa. | 19 | |
| 8593085798 | Batavia | For established around 1619 as headquarters of Dutch East India company operations in Indonesia; today the city of Indonesia | 20 |
