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| 59419320 | encomienda | grants of Indian laborers made to spanish conquests and settlers in Mesoamerica and South America; basis for earliest forms of coerced labor in spanish colonies | 0 | |
| 59419321 | audiencia | royal court of appeals established in spanish colonies of New World, there were ten in each viceroyalty; part of colonial administrative system; staffed by professional magistrates. | 1 | |
| 59419322 | Bartolome de Las Casas | dominican friar who supported peaceful conversion of the Native American population of the Spanish colonies; opposed forced labor and advocated Indian rights | 2 | |
| 59419323 | Hernan Cortes | led expedition of 600 to coast of Mexico in 1519; conquistador responsible for defeat of Aztec Empire; captured Tenochtitlan | 3 | |
| 59419324 | Francisco pizzaro | led conquest of inca empire of Peru beginning in 1535; by 1540, most of Inca possessions fell to the spanish. | 4 | |
| 59419325 | coronado | leader of spanish expedition into northern frontier region of New Spain; entered what is now United states in search of mythical cities of cold. | 5 | |
| 59419326 | haciendas | rural estates in spanish colonies in New World; produced agricultural products for consumers in America; basis of wealth and power for local aristocracy | 6 | |
| 59419327 | huancavelica | location of greatest deposit of mercury in South America; aided in AMerican silver production; linked with Potosi. | 7 | |
| 59419328 | Recopilacion | body of laws collected in 1681 for spanish possessions in New World; basis of law in the INdies | 8 | |
| 59419329 | Paulistas | backwoodsmen from sao paulo in Brazil; penetrated Brazillian intent in search of precious metals during 17th century | 9 | |
| 59419330 | War of Spanish Succession | resulted from Borbons family's succession to spanish throne in 1701; ended by Treaty of Utrecht in 1713; resulted in recognition of Bourbons, loss of some lands, grants of commercial rights to English and French | 10 | |
| 59419331 | Tupac Amaru | mestizo leader of Indian REvolt in Peru; supported by many amens lower social classes; revolt eventually failed because of Creole fears of real social revolution | 11 | |
| 59419332 | Carribbean | first area of spanish expansion and settlement; served as experimental region for of spanish colonial experience; ecomands; system of colonial management, initiated here. | 12 | |
| 59419333 | Casa de Contracion | spanish board of trade operated out of Seville; regularized Commerce w/ new world; supplied colonial possesions. | 13 | |
| 59419334 | Rio de Janeiro | brazilian port; close to mines of minas gerais; importence grew with gold strikes; became colonial capital in 1763. | 14 | |
| 59419335 | Mexico city | capital of new spain; built on ruins of Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan. | 15 | |
| 59419336 | pedro de valdivia | spanish conquistador; conquered Araucanian Indians of Chile and established city of santiago in 1541. | 16 | |
| 59419337 | Potosi | mine located in upper peru; largest of New World silver mines; produced eighty percent of all peruvian silver | 17 | |
| 59419338 | treaty of Tordesillas | signed in 1494 between Castile and Portugal; clarified spheres of influence and rights of possession in New World; reserved Brazil and all newly discovered lands east of Brazil to Portugal; and all lands west of Brazil reserved for Spain | 18 | |
| 59419339 | Galleons | large, heavily armed ships used to carry silver from NEw World colonies to spain, basis for convoy system utilized by spain for transportation of bouillon. | 19 | |
| 59419340 | letrados | university trained lawyers from Spain in the New World; juridical core of Spanish colonial bureaucracy; exercised both legislative and administrative functions. | 20 | |
| 59419341 | peninsulares | people living in the New World spanish colonies but were born in Spain. | 21 | |
| 59419342 | Jose de Galvez | spanish minister of the indies and chief architect of colonial reform; moved to eliminate Creoles from upper bureaucracy of the colonies; created intendants for local government. | 22 | |
| 59419343 | Hispaniola | first island in Caribbean settled by Spaniards; settlement founded by Columbus on second voyage to New World; spanish base on operations for future discoveries in the New World. | 23 | |
| 59419344 | Capitaincies | strips of land along Brazilian coast granted to minor Portuguese nobles for development; enjoyed limited success in developing the colony. | 24 | |
| 59419345 | comunero revolt | one of popular revolts against spanish colonial rule in New Granade in 1781; supressed as a result of divisions among rebels | 25 | |
| 59419346 | new spain | spanish colonial possessions in Mesoamerica; included most of central mexico; based on imperial system of Aztecs | 26 | |
| 59419347 | Mita | labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and to the reasons all communities were expected to contribute; an essential aspect of Inca imperial conquest. | 27 | |
| 59419348 | Ecomendero | holder of an ecomienda; able to use indians as workers or to tax them. | 28 | |
| 59419349 | creoles | whites born in the New world; dominated local latin american economies, ranked just beneath the peninsulares | 29 | |
| 59419350 | consuiado | merchant guild of seville; enjoyed virtual monopoly rights of gold shipped to America and handled much of the silver received in return. | 30 | |
| 59419351 | minas gerals | region of brazil located in mountainous interior where gold strikes were discovered in 1615; became location for the gold rush. | 31 | |
| 59419352 | marquis of pombal | prime minister of portugal from 1755 to 1776; acted to strengthen royal authority in brazil; expelled jesuits; enacted fiscal reforms and established monopoly companies to stimulate the colonial economy | 32 | |
| 59419353 | sociedad de castas | american social system based on racial origins; europeans or whites at top, black slaves or indians at bottom, mixed races in middle | 33 |
