AP US History
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| 570988314 | Massachusetts Bay Colony | Established by non-separating Puritans, it soon grew to be the largest and most influential of the New England colonies. (Found in 1630) | |
| 570988315 | Glorious Revolution | Relatively peaceful overthrow of the unpopular monarch, James II, replacing him with Dutch-born William III and Mary, daughter of James II, William and Mary accepted increased Parliamentary oversight and new limits of monarchical authority. | |
| 570988316 | Calvinism | Dominant theological credo of the New England Puritans based on the teachings of John Calvin. Calvinists believed in presdestination- that only "the elect" were destined for salvation | |
| 570988317 | Joint-Stock Company | short term partnership between multiple investors to fund a commercial enterprise; such arrangements were used to fund England's early colonial settlement | |
| 570988318 | Act of Toleration (1649) | passed in Maryland, it guaranteed toleration to all christians but decreed the death penalty for those, like jews and atheists, who denied the divinity of jesus christ. ensured that maryland would continue to attract of a high proportion of catholic migrants throughout the colonial period | |
| 570988319 | Salutary Neglect(1688-1763) | unofficial policy of relaxed royal control over colonial trade and only weak enforcement of navigation laws. lasted from the glorious revolution to the end of the French and Indian War. | |
| 570988320 | Headright System | employed in the tobacco colonies to encourage the importation of indentured servants, the system allowed of an individual to acquire fifty acres of land if he paid for laborers passage to the colony | |
| 570988321 | Barbados Slave Code(1661) | first formal statute governing the treatment of slaves, which provided for harsh punishment against offending slaves but lacked penalties for the mistreatment of slaves by masters. similar statutes were adopted by southern plantation societies on the north american mainland in the 17th and 18th centuries | |
| 570988322 | Navigation Laws | series of the laws passed, beginning in 1651, to regulate colonial shipping; the acts provided that only english ships would be allowed to trade in english and colonial ports, and that all goods destined for the colonies would first pass through england | |
| 570988323 | Primogeniture | legal principle thatbthe oldest son inherits all family property or land. landowners younger sons, forced to seek their fortunes elsewhere, pioneered early exploration and settlement of the americans | |
| 571061868 | Popés's Rebellion | pueblo indian rebellion which drove spanish settlers from new mexico | |
| 571061869 | Mayflower Compact(1620) | agreement to form a majoritarian government in Plymouth, signed aboard the mayflower. created a foundation for self government in the colony | |
| 571061870 | Anne Hutchinson | she held unorthodox views that challenged the authority of the clergy and the very integrity of the Puritan experiment in Massachusetts Bay Colony | |
| 571061871 | Antinomianism | belief that the elect need not obey the law of either god or man; most notable espoused in the colonies by Anne Hutchinson | |
| 571061872 | Encomienda | spanish governments policy to commend or give, indians to certain colonists in return for the promise to christianize them. part of a broader spanish effort to subdue indian tribes in the west indies and on the north american mainland | |
| 571061873 | Second Anglo Powhatan War(1644-1646) | last ditch effort by the indians to dislodge virginia settlements. the resulting peace treaty formally separated white and indian areas of settlement | |
| 571061874 | Black Legend | false notion that spanish conquerors did little but butcher the indians and steal their gold in the name of christ | |
| 571061875 | Bacon's Rebellion(1676) | uprising of virginia backcountry farmers and indentured servants led by planter Nathaniel Bacon; initially a response to governor william berekeley's refusal to protect backcountry settlers from indian attacks, the rebellion eventually grew into a broader conflict between impoverished settlers and the planter elite. | |
| 571061876 | Peter Stuyvesant | Led small dutch military expedition in 1655. fought for new netherland against new sweden. | |
| 571061877 | First Anglo Powhatan War(1614) | series of clashes between the powhatan confederacy and english settlers in virginia. english colonists torched and pillaged indian villages, applying tactics used in Englands campaigns against the irish | |
| 571061878 | Dominion of New England (1686-1689) | administrative union created by royal authority, incorporating all of the new england, new york, east and west jersey. placed under rule of sir edmund andros who curbed popular assemblies, taxed residents without their consent, and strictly enforced navigation laws. its collapse after the glorious revolution in england demonstrated colonial opposition to strict royal control | |
| 571061879 | Caravel | small regular vessel with a high deck and three triangular sails. could sail closer into the wind | |
| 571061880 | Massasoit | Wampoanoag chief signed treaty with Plymouth pilgrims | |
| 571061881 | Lord Baltimore | found the second plantation colony and fourth english colony in 1634. refuge for his fellow catholics in maryland | |
| 571061882 | Treaty of Tordesillas(1494) | signed by spain and portugal, dividing the territories of the new world. spain recieved the bulk of the territory in the americas, compensating portugal titles to lands in africa and asia | |
| 571061883 | Great Migration(1630-1642) | migration of 70000refugees from england to north american colonies, primarily new england and the caribbean. the 20000 migrants who came to massachusetts largely shared a common sense of purpose to establish a model christian settlement in the new world | |
| 571061884 | Christopher Columbus | Pleaded with spanish monarchs to have 3 ships to travel into the unknown ocean. October 12, 1492 landed on the island of the Bahamas | |
| 571061885 | Captain John Smith | intrepid young adventurer who took over in 1608, had ruled gold hungry colonists | |
| 571061886 | John Rolfe | father of the tobacco industry and an economic savior of the virginia colony. perfected methods of raising and curing tobacco in 1612 | |
| 571061887 | Conquistadores | 16th century spaniards who fanned out across the americas, from colorado to argentina, eventually conquering the aztec and incan empires | |
| 571061888 | Presdestination | colonist doctrine that god has foreordained some people to be saved and some to be damned. though their fate was irreversible, calvinists, particulary those who believed they were destined for salvation, sought to lead sanctified lives in order to demonstrate to others that they were in fact members of the "elect" | |
| 571061889 | South Carolina Slave Revolt (1739) | uprising, also known as the stono rebellion, of more than fifty south carolina blacks along the stono river. the slaves attempted to spanish florida but were stopped by the south carolina militia | |
| 571061890 | Pequot war(1636-1638) | series of clashes between english settlers and pequot indians in the connecticut river valley ended in the slaughter of the pequots by the puritans and their narragansett indian allies | |
| 571061891 | Yamasee Indians | defeated by the south carolinans in the war of 1715-1716. the yamasee defeat devastated the best of the coastal indian tribes in the southern colonies | |
| 571061892 | Three Sister Farming | agricultural system employed by north american indians as early as 1000 AD; maize, beans, and squash were grown together to maximize yields. | |
| 571061893 | Columbian Exchange | the transfer of goods, crops,and diseases between new and old world societies after 1492 | |
| 571061894 | Roger Williams | threatening to puritan leaders and extreme separatist who challenged his fellow clergymen |
