The Earth and It's Peoples
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| 5166443008 | Culture | Socially transmitted patterns of action and expression. | 0 | |
| 5166443009 | History | Study of past event and changes in the development, transmission, and transformation of cultural practices | 1 | |
| 5166443010 | Stone Age | Historical period characterized by the production of tools from stone and other nonmetallic substances | 2 | |
| 5166443014 | Agricultural Revolution | The change from food gathering to food production that occurred between ca. 8000 and 2000 b.c.e.; aka Neolithic Revolution | 3 | |
| 5166443016 | Babylon | The largest and most important city in Mesopotamia. It achieved particular eminence as the capital of the Amorite king Hammurabi in the eighteenth century b.c.e. and the Neo-Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar in the sixth century b.c.e. | 4 | |
| 5166443017 | Sumerians | The people who dominated southern Mesopotamia through the end of the third millennium b.c.e. They were responsible for the creation of many fundamental elements of Mesopotamian culture, such as irrigation technology, cuneiform, and religious conceptions. | 5 | |
| 5166443018 | Semitic | Family of related languages long spoken across parts of western Asia and northern Africa. In antiquity these languages included Hebrew, Aramaic, and Phoenician. The most widespread is Arabic | 6 | |
| 5166443019 | City-State | A small independent state consisting of an urban center and the surrounding agricultural territory. A characteristic political form in early Mesopotamia, Archaic and Classical Greece, Phoenicia, and early Italy. | 7 | |
| 5166443020 | Hammurabi | Amorite ruler of Babylon (r. 1792-1750 b.c.e.). He conquered many city-states in southern and northern Mesopotamia and is best known for a code of laws, inscribed on a black stone pillar, illustrating the principles to be used in legal cases. | 8 | |
| 5166443021 | Scribe | A professional position reserved for men who had undergone the lengthy training required to be able to read and write using cuneiforms, hieroglyphics, or other early writing systems. | 9 | |
| 5166443022 | Ziggurat | A massive pyramidal stepped tower made of mud bricks. It is associated with religious complexes in ancient Mesopotamian cities, but its function is unknown. | 10 | |
| 5166443023 | Amulets | Small charm meant to protect the bearer from evil. Found frequently in archeological excavations in Mesopotamian and Egypt, amulets reflect the religious practices of the common people. | 11 | |
| 5166443024 | Cuneiform | A system of writing in wedge-shaped symbols represented words or syllables. Originated in Mesopotamia and was used initially for Sumerian and Akkadian but later adapted to represent other languages of Western Asia. Because so many symbols had to be learned, literacy was confined to a relatively small group of administrators and scribes. | 12 | |
| 5167815797 | Pharaoh | Central figure in the Ancient Egyptian state. Believed to be a early manifestation of the gods, he used his absolute power to maintain the safety and prosperity of Egypt | 13 | |
| 5167815798 | Memphis | Capital of Old Kingdom Egypt; near head of the Nile Delta. Early rulers interred in nearby pyramids. | 14 | |
| 5167815799 | Thebes | Capital city of Egypt and home to ruling dynasties during the Middle and New Kingdoms. Monarchs buried in Valley of the Kings. | 15 | |
| 5167815800 | Hieroglyphics | System of writing in which pictorial symbols represented sounds, syllables, or concepts. It was used for official and monumental inscriptions in Ancient Egypt. Mainly used by scribes. | 16 | |
| 5167815801 | Papyrus | A reed that grows along the banks of the Nile River. From it produced a coarse, paperlike writing medium used by the Egyptians and many other peoples in the Ancient Mediterranean and Middle East. | 17 | |
| 5167815802 | Mummy | Body preserved by chemical processes or special natural circumstances, often in the belief that the deceased will need it in the afterlife. | 18 | |
| 5167815803 | Harappa | Site of one of the greatest cities in the Indus Valley of the third millennium b.c.e. Located in the northwest frontier in modern day Pakistan | 19 | |
| 5167815804 | Mohenjo-Daro | Largest of the cities in the Indus Valley civilization. Centrally located in the extensive floodplain of the Indus River in contemporary Pakistan. | 20 |
