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Chapter 1 From the Origins of Agriculture Flashcards

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193828046Civilizationan advanced state of human society, in which a high level of culture, science, industry, and government has been reached.0
193828047culturethe quality in a person or society that arises from a concern for what is regarded as excellent in arts, letters, manners, scholarly pursuits, etc.1
193828048hirtorya continuous, systematic narrative of past events as relating to a particular people, country, period, person, etc., usually written as a chronological account.2
193828049stone agethe period in the history of humankind, preceding the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, and marked by the use of stone implements and weapons: subdivided into the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic periods.3
193828050paleolithic( sometimes lowercase ) Anthropology . of, pertaining to, or characteristic of the cultures of the late Pliocene and the Pleistocene epochs, or early phase of the Stone Age.4
193828051neolithicthe cultural period that lasted in SW Asia from about 9000 to 6000 bc and in Europe from about 4000 to 2400 bc and was characterized by primitive crop growing and stock rearing and the use of polished stone and flint tools and weapons.5
193828052foragerspeople who support themselves by hunting wild animals and gathering wild edible plants and insects6
193828053agricultural revolutionThe time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering7
193828054holoceneThe current interglaciation period, extending from 10,000 years ago to the present on the geologic time scale.8
193828055megalithmemorial consisting of a very large stone forming part of a prehistoric structure (especially in western Europe)9
193828056babylonan ancient city of SW Asia, on the Euphrates River, famed for its magnificence and culture: capital of Babylonia and later of the Chaldean empire.10
193828057sumeriansPeople who dominated Southern Mesopotamia through the end of the 3rd Millennium BCE. Responsible for the creation of irrigation technology, cunieform, and religious conceptions.11
193828058semitica major branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family.12
193828059City-statea city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside13
193828060HammurabiBabylonian king who codified the laws of Sumer and Mesopotamia (died 1750 BC)14
193828061scribea person who serves as a professional copyist, especially one who made copies of manuscripts before the invention of printing.15
193828062Ziggurata temple of Sumerian origin in the form of a pyramidal tower, consisting of a number of stories and having about the outside a broad ascent winding round the structure, presenting the appearance of a series of terraces.16
193828063Amuleta small object worn to ward off evil, harm, or illness or to bring good fortune; protecting charm.17
193828064Cuneiforman ancient wedge-shaped script used in Mesopotamia and Persia18
193828065Pharaohthe title of the ancient Egyptian kings19
193828066Ma'atthe Egyptian concept of truth, justice, and cosmic order, represented by a goddess, often portrayed with a feather upon her head20
193828067Pyramida massive memorial with a square base and four triangular sides21
193828068Memphisan ancient city of Egypt on the Nile (south of Cairo)22
193828069Thebesan ancient Greek city in Boeotia destroyed by Alexander the Great in 336 BC23
193828070Hieroglyphicsan ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds24
193828071Papyrustall sedge of the Nile valley yielding fiber that served many purposes in historic times25
193828072Mummya body embalmed and dried and wrapped for burial (as in ancient Egypt)26
193828073HarappaSite of one of the great cities of the Indus Valley civilization of the third millennium B.C.E. It was located on the northwest frontier of the zone of cultivation , and may have been a center for the acquisition of raw materials. (p. 48)27
193828074Mohenjo-DaroIndus Valley city laid out in a grid pattern. Had a complex irrigation and sewer system.28

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