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Chapter 1, History & Perspectives In Psychology Flashcards

Park Hill High School AP Psychology

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9227941614psychologythe scientific study of behavior and mental processes. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 002)0
9227941616structuralisman early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 004)1
9227941617functionalisma school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function—how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 005)2
9227941618humanistic psychologyhistorically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 007)3
9227941620nature-nurture issuethe longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 009)4
9227941621biopsychosocial approachan integrated perspective that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 010)5
9227941626counseling psychologya branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 013)6
9227941627psychiatrya branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 013)7
12365021101Theorya general explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events8
12365050464psycodynamic perspectivea modern version of psychoanalysis that is more focused on the development of a sense of self and the discoveries of motivation behind a person's behavior rather than sexual motivations.9
12365108633behaviorist perspectivethe science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only10
12365131499cognitive perspectivemodern perspective that focuses on memory, intelligence, perception, problem solving, and learning11
12365148715evolutionary perspectiveperspective that focuses on the biological bases of universal mental characteristics that all humans share12
12365154290positive perspectiveperspective in psychology that shifts focus away from the negative and instead focuses on well-being13
12365160409Scientific MethodA series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions.14
12365177040case studystudy of one individual in great detail15
12365187601representative samplerandomly selected sample of subjects from a larger population of subjects16
12365192566CorrelationA measure of the relationship between two variables17
12365197805experimentA research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process18
12365210957independent variablevariable that is manipulated by the experimenter19
12365218227dependent variableThe measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested.20
12365239816placebo effectthe phenomenon in which the expectations of the participants in a study can influence their behavior21
12365259141single-blind studystudy in which the subjects do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group22
12365267058double-blind studyAn experiment in which neither the participant nor the researcher knows whether the participant has received the treatment or the placebo23
12365272893Institutional Review Board (IRB)A committee at each institution where research is conducted to review every experiment for ethics and methodology.24
12365285123Animal ResearchClear purpose Treated in a humane way Acquire animals legally Least amount of suffering possible.25
12365316161Psychology's Goalsdescription, explanation, prediction, control26
12365328559Wilhelm Wundtfather of psychology27
12365332913Titchenerfounder of structuralism28
12365338833William JamesSigmund founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment29
12365343541Sigmund FreudAustrian neurologist known for his work on the unconscious mind. Father of psychoanalysis.30
12365370498Pavlovfounder of classical conditioning while trying to study digestive system31
12365375932WatsonBehaviorism; "Little Albert Study"; aversion therapy32
12365387092Martin Seligmanresearcher known for work on learned helplessness and learned optimism as well as positive psychology33
12365409409psychiatric social workera social worker with some training in therapy methods who focuses on the environmental conditions that can have an impact on mental disorders, such as poverty, overcrowding, stress, and drug abuse34

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