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Chapter 1: New World Beginnings Flashcards

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Key Terms, People to Know and Review Questions for Chapter 1: New World Beginnings (33,000 B.C.E. - 1769 C.E.). PW to edit flashcards: C1NWB

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908510747What is the Canadian Shield?a zone undergrided by ancient rock, probably what became the first part of what became the North American landmass to have emerged above sea level.0
908510748Who were the Incas?Located in Peru.1
908510749Who were the AztecsLocated in Mexico.2
908510750What are nation-states?No dense concentrations of population or complex nation-states comparable to the Aztec empire existed in North America outside of Mexico at the time of the Europeans' arrival.3
908510751Who were the Cahokia?The Mississippian settlement at Cahokia, near present-day East St. Louis, was at one time home to as many as twenty-five thousand people. The Anasazis built an elaborate pueblo of more than six hundred interconnected rooms at Chaco Canyon in modern-day New Mexico. But mysteriously, perhaps due to pro- longed drought, all those ancient cultures had fallen into decline by about 1300 A.D.4
908510752What is three-sister farming?An agricultural method in which corn, beans, and squash were grown together.5
908510753What are middlemen?Muslim middlemen exacted a heavy toll en route. By the time the strange-smelling goods reached Italian merchants at Venice and Genoa, they were so costly that purchasers and profits alike were narrowly limited. European consumers and distributors were naturally eager to find a less expensive route to the riches of Asia or to develop alternate sources of supply.6
908510754What is a caravel?A ship that could sail more closely into the wind, but they had discovered that they could return to Europe by sailing northwesterly from the African coast toward the Azores, where the prevailing westward breezes would carry them home.7
908510755What is a plantation?The first Indians, who were nearly annihilated through war and disease, and then Africans, who were brought in chains to serve as slave labor, especially on the tobacco, rice, and indigo plantations of the southern colonies.8
908510756What was the Colombian Exchange?The transfer of plants, animals, culture, and diseases that occurred after Columbus' voyages. The New World gave; gold, silver, corn, potatoes, pineapples, tomatoes, tobacco, beans, vanilla, chocolate, and syphilis to the Old World. The Old World gave the the New World; wheat, sugar, rice, coffee, horses, cows, pigs, smallpox measles, bubonic plague, influenza, typhus, diphtheria, scarlet fever. Africa provided slave labor to the New World.9
908510757What was the "Treaty of Tordesillas"?It divided up the so-called New World with Portugal.10
908510758Who were the "conquistadores"?A conqueror, especially one of the 16th-century Spanish soldiers who defeated the Indian civilizations of Mexico, Central America, or Peru.11
908510759What is capitalism?An economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately or corporately owned and development is proportionate to the accumulation and reinvestment of profits gained in a free market.12
908510760What is the "encomienda"?...13
908510761What is "noche triste"?...14
908510762What is a "mestizos"?...15
908510763What was the Battle of Acoma?...16
908510764What was the Popé's Rebellion?...17
908510765What was the Black Legend?...18
908510766Who was Ferdinand?...19
908510767Who was Isabella of Castile?...20
908510768Who was Christopher Columbus?...21
908510769Who was Fransisco Coronado?...22
908510770Who was Fransisco Pizarro?...23
908510771Who was Bartolomé de Las Casas?...24
908510772Who was Hernán Cortés?...25
908510773Who was Malinche (Doña Marina)?...26
908510774Who was Moctezuma?...27
908510775Who was Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot)?...28
908510776Who was Robert de La Salle?...29
908510777Who was Father Junipero Serra?...30
908510778The first European explorers reached the region that would become the Americas...more than 500 years ago.31
908510779What proof has led researchers to conclude that the Earth was once contained of a single continent?There are identical species of fish in fresh-lake waters across the globe.32
908510780What is the dominant theory about how the 1st people arrived in North America?They walked across a land bridge from Eurasia to North America.33
908510781The Incas, Mayans, and the Aztecs owe the development of their sophisticated early civilizations to...Agriculture, particularly the cultivation of corn or maize.34
908510782What is three-sister farming?An agricultural method in which corn, beans, and squash were grown together.35
908510783Native Americans made a major imprint on the land they used on the land they used for all but feared that...changing it would affect their survival.36
908510784What drove the Europeans exploration that led to the "discovery" of the New World?The desire to expand their empires and power.37
908510785The plantation system was first developed...by Portuguese explorers in West Africa.38
908510786In the 15th century set stage for the diatomic and unexpected discovery of the New World not causing...wars between rivaling European countries.39
908510787What was the Colombian Exchange?The transfer of plants, animals, culture, and diseases that occurred after Columbus' voyages.40
908510788What did the Treaty of Tordesillas, Spain guarantee?It divided up the so-called New World with Portugal.41
908510789Some scholars see the origins of modern capitalism in New World discoveries of precious metals because...They stimulated surplus money supplies, laid the foundation for the development of the banking system, financed much of the international trade with Asia, but did NOT decrease the cost of consumer goods dramatically.42
908510790Spanish conquistadores, traveling to the New World, hoped to gain...Noble or Royal titles, God's favor, gold, and a fresh start but NOT the chance to organize an army.43
908510791Who are explorers from Spain?Fransisco Pizarro, Herñan Cortés, Juan Ponce de Leon, and Fransisco Coronado.44
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