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| 3707199080 | Paleo-Indians | First Americans; nomadic hunters/gatherers of wild plants; figured out agriculture after animals started dissapearing | 0 | |
| 3707204360 | Teotihuacan | Founded in the Valley of Mexico, housed 100,000 people; Temple of Quetzalcoatl and famous obsidian | 1 | |
| 3707208964 | Mayas | Studied astronomy and elaborate writing system; city states fought one another, low food supply, collapsed | 2 | |
| 3707213160 | Chacoans | The pueblos who lived in the Chaco Canyon; Built 14 great houses which became a regional trading and processing center for turquoise | 3 | |
| 3707219909 | The City of the Sun (Cahokia) | Largest urban center for Mississippians; Focal point for religion and trade | 4 | |
| 3707223578 | Aztecs | Moved into the Valley of Mexico (Teotihuacan) because told by Huitzilpochtil to live somewhere where there is a eagle (his symbol) eating a serpent (Quetzalcoatl); Sacrifice; Heirarchy | 5 | |
| 3707233379 | Huitzilopochtli | Aztec God of war; eagle symbol; Sacrifices done for him | 6 | |
| 3707236487 | Tenochtitlan | Became capital of the Aztec empire; Previously Teotihuacan | 7 | |
| 3707240642 | Sexual Division of Labor | Nomadic Tribes - Men hunt, women made food, carried belongings, and raised children Seacoast Tribes - Women get shellfish, Men fish Agricultural Tribes West- Men farm Agricultural Tribes East - Women farm, men clear land Farming Societies - Women gathered wild foods/prepared, men hunted Kids have much freedom to marry/divorce | 8 | |
| 3707260168 | Upper Guinea | Contact with Islamic Meditteranean region; Traded with Muslim Mediterannean; Rice and grain coast | 9 | |
| 3707266582 | Lower Guinea | Less cosmopolitan; religion based on subsistence, mostly farmers; composed kin groups | 10 | |
| 3707272601 | Dual Sex-Principle | Social system of lower guinea based on this; Males governed males and women governed women | 11 | |
| 3707275806 | The Sande and Poro Cults | Young women initiated into Sande Cult with a female leader; Young men initiated into Poro Cult with male leader; Could not share secrets with one another | 12 | |
| 3707282225 | The Black Death | Bubonic plague through merchants in China traveling the silk road; Economic decline because of death of religious figures | 13 | |
| 3707313497 | The Hundred Years War | France vs. England because England claimed the French throne; War interrupted trade routes - they needed a way to reach Northern trade partners so they worked to find other routes | 14 | |
| 3707325897 | The Lateen Sail | Improved maneuvering of ships | 15 | |
| 3707328559 | Astrolobe and Quadrant | Estimated latitude through relationship to sun, moon, and stars | 16 | |
| 3707337235 | Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castille | Founded a strong catholic spain which they expelled all Jews and Muslims from | 17 | |
| 3707350003 | Movable Type and Printing Press | Invented in Germany; made information easily accessible; Stimulated European curiosity about fabled lands they read about in books | 18 | |
| 3707362948 | Travels by Marco Polo | Venitian merchants adventures in China which led many merchants to believe they could trade directly with China | 19 | |
| 3707367525 | The Mediterranean Atlantic | Sailing around the wind allowing sailors to return home safely; Learnt much about sailing from here | 20 | |
| 3707371587 | The Azores | Portuguese raised wheat to sell in Europe and sold livestock to sailors | 21 | |
| 3707374129 | The Madeiras | Portuguese employed Iberian slaves to grow sugar for export to mainland (plantation economy) | 22 | |
| 3707378728 | Canary | Guanche (indigenous people) attacked by Europeans and they were also weakened by European disease; Remaining people became slaves on Madeiras | 23 | |
| 3707383632 | The Northeast Trades and the Westerlies | Northeast Trades - Winds that blew sailors from Europe to the Americas Westerlies - Winds that blew sailors back to Europe safely | 24 | |
| 3707386572 | Prince Henry the Navigator | Portuguese - Dispatched ships to find riches in Africa and Asia knowing if he did Portugal would be rich | 25 | |
| 3707413613 | Sao Tome | Madeira reached its limit for sugar so this place had the perfect land; Discovered by Portugal; plantation economy expanding | 26 | |
| 3707421338 | Christopher Columbus | Funded by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain; Reached Bahamas thinking it was Asia - later known as Hispaniola and Cuba; Taino people who he asked for gold, noted plants, took these people back | 27 | |
| 3707433079 | Amerigo Vespucci | Explored South American coast; first to publish idea that continent had been discovered | 28 | |
| 3707437738 | Leif Ericsson | Established a short-lived settlement in Newfoundland, named it Vinland | 29 | |
| 3707441137 | John Cabot | Credited with first formal exploration of North American coast (Newfoundland)- claimed it for England | 30 | |
| 3707449031 | Hernan Cortes | Went to mainland to search for wealthy cities; Found Tenochtitlan and captured it, naming it Mexico City | 31 | |
| 3707455214 | Malinche | Cortes's slave and translator | 32 | |
| 3707457812 | Spanish Model of Colonization | 1. Tight control over colonies, heirarchal government with little autonomy (ex. only import goods from Spain). Priests ensured conformity with Orthodox religious views 2. Men were the first colonists, got with African or Indian women creating mixed race 3. Wealth based off native and slave exploitation (labor/tribute from subjects) | 33 | |
| 3707470049 | The Economienda System | Cortes established it; Granted indian villages to conquistadors as a reward; later modified to not allow enslavement of Indians but allowed to collect money and goods from tributary villages | 34 | |
| 3707476999 | Spanish Missionaries | Friars of the Franciscan and Dominican order who brought Christian religion to New Spain | 35 | |
| 3707483856 | The Columbian Exchange | Transfer of disease, plants, and animals due to European and Spanish voyages; Large mammals of Europe and Africa brought to America; Americans nutritious crops brought to Africa and Europe | 36 | |
| 3707493753 | Smallpox | Natives had no immunity to this European disease so many died | 37 | |
| 3707495590 | Syphilis | Americans gave Europeans syphilis | 38 | |
| 3707497788 | Sugar, Horses, and Tobacco | Sugar - Developed in the Caribbean islands and became crucial component to English and French colonization of the Caribbean Horses - Brought to America, changing transport Tobacco - Introduced to Europe and in high demand because addictive | 39 | |
| 3707503416 | John Hawkins and Sir Francis Drake | Sea dogs jealous of Spanish treasure so they raided Spanish ships; Spanish armada war but Spanish lost | 40 | |
| 3707507200 | Sir Walter Raleigh | Schemed to set up outposts to trade with Indians and provide bases for attacks on New Spain; Created Roanoke in Virginia but supply ships failed to come and they had to move | 41 | |
| 3707515646 | A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia | Publicized the land of Virginia; Believed that Americans would Europeans well but was wrong; Suggested a more human treatment of Natives | 42 |
