chaper 20 && 21 vocabulary for apush
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| 277329354 | Fort Sumter | Site of the opening engagement of the Civil War. On December 20, 1860, South Carolina had seceded from the Union, and had demanded that all federal property in the state be surrendered to state authorities. Major Robert Anderson concentrated his units at Fort Sumter, and, when Lincoln took office on March 4, 1861, Sumter was one of only two forts in the South still under Union control. Learning that Lincoln planned to send supplies to reinforce the fort, on April 11, 1861, Confederate General Beauregard demanded Anderson's surrender, which was refused. On April 12, 1861, the Confederate Army began bombarding the fort, which surrendered on April 14, 1861. Congress declared war on the Confederacy the next day. Led to more states seceding. | |
| 277329355 | Border States | States bordering the North: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. They were slave states, but did not secede. - under martial law - Lincoln's purpose: save the union...NOT ANTI SLAVERY | |
| 277329356 | Trent Affair | In 1861 the Confederacy sent emissaries James Mason to Britain and John Slidell to France to lobby for recognition. A Union ship captured both men and took them to Boston as prisonners. The British were angry and Lincoln ordered their release. | |
| 277329357 | The Alabama | A Confederate ship built in Britain and armed after it left port so it was not considered a warship when it left port. Displayed the main foreign intervention in the war, and because it never landed in a Confederate port it yielded Britain the naval base of the Confederacy. | |
| 277329358 | Laird Rams | Two confederate warships being constructed in British shipyards, they were eventually seized by the British for British use to remain neutral in the Civil War. | |
| 277329359 | Dominion of Canada | The loose confederation of Ontario (Upper Canada), Quebec (Lower Canada), Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, created by the British North America Act in 1867. | |
| 277329360 | Writ of Habeas Corpus | A court order that requires police to bring a prisoner to court to explain why they are holding the person. | |
| 277329361 | Morrill Tariff Act (1861) | A tarriff which was higher than before. This was an example of how easy Congress could pass new laws since the South were not readmitted yet. | |
| 277329362 | National Banking System (1863) | Network of member banks that could issue currency against purchased government bonds. Created during the Civil War to establish a stable national currency and stimulate the sale of war bonds. | |
| 277329363 | Homestead Act of 1862 | Act that allowed a settler to acquire as much as 160 acres of land by living on it for 5 years, improving it, and paying a nominal fee of about $30 - instead of public land being sold primarily for revenue, it was now being given away to encourage a rapid filling of empty spaces and to provide a stimulus to the family farm, turned out to be a cruel hoax because the land given to the settlers usually had terrible soil and the weather included no precipitation, many farms were repo'd or failed until "dry farming" took root on the plains , then wheat, then massive irrigation projects. | |
| 277329364 | North Advantages and Disadvantages | Advantages: good economy, big factory system (weapons), controlled sea, more man power (immigrants), good communication (railroads). Disadvantages: had to invade and fight, less prepared, adopt military from civilians, "ok" leaders. - 22 states. | |
| 277329365 | South Advantages and Disadvantages | Advantages: fight behind own lands, bred to fight, moral support (fight for way of life), defend country, talented military officers. Disadvantages: not enough factories for supplies, bad communication, bad economy. - 11 states. | |
| 277329366 | Thomas J. ("Stonewall") Jackson | general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War whose troops at the first Battle of Bull Run stood like a stone wall (1824-1863). | |
| 277329367 | Maximilian | French viceroy appointed by Napoleon III of France to lead the new government set up in Mexico. After the Civil War, the U.S. invaded and he was executed, a demonstration of the enforcement of the Monroe Doctrine to European powers. | |
| 277329368 | US Sanitary Committee | Organization developed to provide medical supplies and assistance to Union armies in the field. | |
| 277329369 | Clara Barton | Nurse during the Civil War; started the American Red Cross. | |
| 277329370 | Andrew Johnson | Union party, War Democrats & Republicans. a southerner form tennessee, as v.p. when lincoln was killed, he became president. he opposed radical republicans who passed reconstruction acts over his veto. the first u.s. president to be impeached, he survived the senate removal by only one vote. he was a very weak president. | |
| 277329371 | William H. Seward | was a Governor of New York, United States Senator and the United States Secretary of State under Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. | |
| 277329372 | Thirteenth Amendment | Section 1: Slavery is prohibited. Section 2: Congress can enforce this law by appropriate legislation. | |
| 277329373 | Fourteenth Amendment | Section 1: Ex- Slaves made citizens. -"Due Process" clause applied to states. -"Equal- Protection" clause applied to states. -Section 2: Reduction in congressional representation for states denying adult males the right to vote. -Section 3: Southern rebels denied federal office. -Section 4: Rebel debts repudiated. | |
| 277329374 | Fifteenth Amendment | Blacks given the right to vote. | |
| 277329375 | The Greenback Party | advocated an expanded money supply, health, saftey regulations for the workplace and other things to help farmers. they faded but help start the devate for gold vs. silver. | |
| 277329376 | Benjamin Harrison | -no cabinet , 3 people -passed mikinley tariff | |
| 277329377 | Napoleon III | French Emperor took advantage of americas preoccupation with its own international problems and dispatched a french army to occupy mexico city ;gambled on the fact that the Union would crumble and would be too weak to enforce the monroe doctrine. | |
| 277329378 | Jefferson Davis | President of the confederacy wanted a well knit central government did not enjoy popularity ; was inclined to defy rather than lead public opinion. | |
| 277329379 | Elizabeth Blackwell | Americas first female physicain helped organize US Sanitary Commision to assist Union Armies in the field. | |
| 277329380 | Sally Tompkins | Raised a richmond infantry for wounded confederate soliders. | |
| 277329381 | Charles Francis Adams | American envoy whose shrewd diplomacy helped keep Britain neutral during the Civil War | |
| 277329382 | N.Y.C. Draft Riots of 1863 | This was a series of riots that took place to protest the Draft Law passed by Congress. Many believed it was unconstitutional and unfair. | |
| 277329383 | Emancipation Proclamation | Issued by Abraham Lincoln on September 22, 1862, it declared that all slaves in the rebellious Confederate states would be free. | |
| 277329384 | Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. | 1905 Supreme Court, Lochner v. New York, rules that New York law limiting working hours was unconstitutional (violated the 14th amendment). Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. | |
| 277329385 | West Virginia | "mountain white" area that illegal tore itself from Virginia in 1861. | |
| 277329386 | Edwin Stanton | Secretary of War under Lincoln who criticized him often | |
| 277329387 | The Wilderness | site of one of Grant's bloody battles with the Confederates near Richmond in 1864. | |
| 277329388 | William T. Sherman | He served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861-65), for which he received recognition for his outstanding command of military strategy and criticism for the harshness of the "scorched earth" policies that he implemented in conducting total war against the Confederate States. | |
| 277329389 | Women's Loyal League | A civic organization dedicated to keeping voters informed about candidates and issues. |
