Western Europe during the High Middle Ages
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| 256758284 | Marco Polo | *son of Niccolo Polo *came back to Khan w/o missionaries b/c ditched *worked for Khan for 17 yrs, travels in book | 0 | |
| 256758285 | Otto I | Slavic lord who was aggressive and rose to power in Northern Germany | 1 | |
| 256758286 | Pope John XII | proclaimed Otto I emperor--> Holy Roman Empire | 2 | |
| 256758287 | Holy Roman Empire | started by Otto I becoming emperor, not holy, roman, or a empire that provided imperial unity | 3 | |
| 256758288 | Investiture | controversy over the appointment of church officials by emperors (picking friends) | 4 | |
| 256758289 | Pope Gregory VII | ordered end of practice of emperors picking friends as church officials | 5 | |
| 256758290 | Emperor Henry IV | excommunicated by Greg b/c disobeyed | 6 | |
| 256758291 | Frederick Barbarossa | wanted to get Lombardy but Pope said no--> stunted transformation of H.R.E. as a powerful state | 7 | |
| 256758292 | Hugh Capet | regional noble who goverened in centralized rule | 8 | |
| 256758293 | Capetian dynasty | founded by Hugh Capet, lasted 3 centuries | 9 | |
| 256758294 | The Normans | desendants of vikings, even more centralized, dukes were essentially the authority | 10 | |
| 256758295 | William of Normandy | "William the Conqueror" , invaded England, took over and people adapted to new Norman system of governing | 11 | |
| 256758296 | Papel state vs. City state | Papel=ruled by spiritually leaders (popes) City=controlled by political leaders constantly in battle | 12 | |
| 257175578 | Champagne fairs | year round vast market places where merchants from all over traded | 13 | |
| 257175579 | The Hanseatic League | association of trading cities who dominated trade in Northern Europe | 14 | |
| 257175580 | The three estates | 3 classes of medival social structure | 15 | |
| 257175581 | Chivalry | courtly behavior, code of ethics for feudal nobles | 16 | |
| 257175582 | Troubadours | class of traveling poets, aristocratic women, love of poetry from Muslim Spain | 17 | |
| 257175583 | Eleanor of Aquitaine | celebrated woman who promoted troubadours and good manners | 18 | |
| 257175584 | Guilds | groups of people working in the same field economic and social ties | 19 | |
| 257175585 | Universities | formed as a result of guilds wanting a higher education | 20 | |
| 257175586 | Cathedral Schools | concentraed on religious studies and liberal arts | 21 | |
| 257175587 | Scholasticism | combined Christianity with logical reasoning (Aristotle) | 22 | |
| 257175588 | St. Thomas Aquinas | most famous: believed Christianity and Aristotle complimented eachother | 23 | |
| 257175589 | Sacraments | holy rituals, most popular was the Eucharist | 24 | |
| 257175590 | Saints | humans who led such exemplary lives that God held them in high esteem | 25 | |
| 257175591 | Relics | physical remains of saints that people went to go visit | 26 | |
| 257175592 | Pilgrimages | people went to relics to pray/show respect | 27 | |
| 257175593 | St. Dominic | started campaign of spiritual over materialistic lives | 28 | |
| 257175594 | Waldensians | criticized the church openly, said Roman Catholic clergy were corrupt | 29 | |
| 257175595 | Cathars | believed in good vs. evil(material) | 30 | |
| 257175596 | Pope Innocent III | organized campain to destroy Cathars | 31 | |
| 257175597 | Vinland | place were Scandinavian seafarers discovered, Canada, Iceland, Greenland | 32 | |
| 257175598 | Eric the Red | discovered Greenland, son: Leif Ericsson | 33 | |
| 257175599 | Leif Ericsson | traveled to modern Newfouldland, called Vinland | 34 | |
| 257175600 | Teutonic Knights | obeyed military, religious orders, most active in Baltic region | 35 | |
| 257175601 | Knighs Templar | devoted to a life of struggle against Muslims and Pagans | 36 | |
| 257175602 | Roger Guiscard | reconquested Southern Italy in 1090 | 37 | |
| 257175603 | The Reconquista | fights in Spain where Chrisitans took over Muslims | 38 | |
| 257175604 | Pope Urban II | lauched Crusades in 1095, wanted Holy Land back from Muslims | 39 | |
| 257175605 | Peter the Hermit | traveled all over Europe to gather troops for 1st Crusade, only got peasents, not prepared, failed | 40 | |
| 257175606 | Saladin | Jewish leader who recaptured the Holy Land in 1187 | 41 |
