Terms : Hide Images
| 288786597 | Investiture | the ceremonial act of clothing someone in the insignia of an office | 0 | |
| 288786598 | Hanseatic League | An economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century. (p. 401) | 1 | |
| 288786599 | Chivalry | a code that knights adopted in the late Middle Ages; requiring them to be brave, loyal and true to their word; they had to fight fairly in battle | 2 | |
| 288786600 | First Crusade | led by Frankish nobles, included 3000 knights on horseback and 12,000 infantrymen; army fought its way from Constantinople into Jerusalem and slaughtered Muslim, Jewish, and Christian inhabitants; crusaders seized the Holy Land | 3 | |
| 288786601 | Waldensians | Ascetic Christians that regarded the church as corrupt. Advocated simple lives. Allowed the laity to administer sacraments. Did not hesitate to criticize the Church. Condemned as heretical. Some still around today | 4 | |
| 288786602 | Cathars | a Christian religious sect in southern France in the 12th and 13th centuries | 5 | |
| 288786603 | Franciscans | founded by Francis of Assisi. Francis took on a life of simplicity and wandered the countryside speaking of God, reparing churches & serving the poor, lame, & blind. Francis drew men & women to follow him. they rejected wealth (it was a source of corruption) & served the poor. | 6 | |
| 288786604 | Dominicans | one of the earliest orders of friars founded by Dominic, a Spanish priest. The Dominicans emphasized the importance of study and many of them were scholars. This order was established in Spain in the early 1200s and still exists today. | 7 | |
| 288786605 | Guilds | Association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests | 8 | |
| 288786606 | Cathedral schools | schools in cathedrals; organized by bishops and archbiships in France and N Italy | 9 | |
| 288786607 | Universities | Degree-granting institutions of higher learning. Those that appeared in Latin West from about 1200 onward became the model of all modern universities. | 10 | |
| 288786608 | Pope Gregory VII | reformed a lot and determined to challenge secular authority. He caused a lot of conflict and was admired by many and hated by many. He banned lay investiture, which angered Henry IV | 11 | |
| 288786609 | Henry IV | the first Lancastrian king of England from 1399 to 1413 | 12 | |
| 288786610 | Hugh Capet | King of France elected in 987 and founding the Capetian dynasty (940-996) | 13 | |
| 288786611 | Frederick Barbarossa | Ruler of the Holy Roman Empire; went on the third crusade but failed when he fell into a river and died. | 14 | |
| 288786612 | William of Normandy | defeated King Harold of England and established a strong, centralized monarchy | 15 | |
| 288786613 | Peter the Hermit | french religious leader who led one of the bands of the first crusades | 16 | |
| 288786614 | Pope Urban II | Leader of the Roman Catholic Church who asked European Christians to take up arms against Muslims, starting the Crusades | 17 | |
| 288786615 | Saladin | (1137-1193) Powerful Muslim ruler during Third Crusade, defeated Christians at Hattin took Jerusalem | 18 | |
| 288786616 | Robert Guiscard | led Norman adventures and counquered much of southern Italy against the Muslims | 19 | |
| 288786617 | Roger Guiscard | brother of Robert Guiscard, founded a state for himself in Italy and named it Sicily; displays the effect to which Normans were able to re-conquer Italy | 20 | |
| 288786618 | St. Francis | founded orders of beggars and worked to pursuade heretics to return to the Roman Catholic Church | 21 | |
| 288786619 | St. Dominic | He established an order which combined the rule of poverty and the practice of mendicancy with careful study and informed preaching | 22 | |
| 288786620 | Eric the Red | was a Viking who found and named Greenland. Even thought this was a cold land Eric the Red named it Greenland to encourage people to come to this area to settle. | 23 | |
| 288786621 | Leif Ericsson | was Eric the Red's son. He was probably the first European to set foot on North America. He founded a Viking colony called Vinland in North America. | 24 | |
| 288786622 | St. Thomas Aquinas | made famous attempt to reconcile Aristotle with the doctrines of Christianity; best know for Summa Theologica | 25 | |
| 288786623 | Papal State | Part of Italy the pope ruled until 1870 | 26 | |
| 288786624 | Holy Roman Empire | the lands ruled by Charlemagne | 27 | |
| 288786625 | Troubadours | wandering poets; their love songs focused on cherishing and protecting women | 28 | |
| 288786626 | Eleanor of Aquitaine | powerful French duchess; divorced the king of France to marry Henry II of England and ruled all of England and about half of France with him | 29 | |
| 288786627 | Scholasticism | the system of philosophy dominant in medieval Europe | 30 | |
| 288786628 | Reconquista | The Reconquering of Spain from the Muslims in 1492 by Ferdinand and Isabella. This unified Spain into a powerful nation-state. | 31 | |
| 288786629 | Crusades | a series of military expeditions in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries by Westrn European Christians to reclain control of the Holy Lands from the Muslims and opens trade | 32 | |
| 288786630 | Polo Brothers | Couldn't go home because of a war. Went on a quest to find scholars. | 33 |
