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| 654287137 | A. Mitchell Palmer | Attorney General during the height of the Red Scare (1919-1920) who led raids against suspected radicals; reacted to terrorist bombings; Palmer arrested 6,000 people and deported over 500. | |
| 654287138 | Allied Powers | WWI alliance of Britain, France, and Russia, and later joined by Italy, and the United States. | |
| 654287139 | American Expeditionary Force (AEF) | commanded by John J. Pershing-first group of American soldiers sent to plug the weaknesses in the British and French lines | |
| 654287140 | American Protective League | An American World War I-era private organization that worked with federal law enforcement agencies in support of the anti German Empire movement, as well as against radical anarchists, anti-war activists, and left-wing labor and political organizations. | |
| 654287141 | Archduke Franz Ferdinand | Archduke of Austria Hungary assassinated by a Serbian in 1914. His murder was one of the causes of WW I. | |
| 654287142 | Armistice | a temporary peace agreement to end fighting while a formal peace treaty is created | |
| 654287143 | Article 231 | war guilt clause; forced the central powers (Germany) to assume responsibility for starting the war; gave reason for providing harsh repercussions against Germany | |
| 654287144 | Belgium | Small European nation whose neutrality was violated by Germany in the early days of World War I, part of the Schiefflen Plan | |
| 654287145 | Bernard Baruch | established the War Industries Board in 1917; a Wall Street broker; set production priorities and centralized control over raw materials and prices | |
| 654287146 | Big Four | The Big Four were the four most important at the Paris Peace Conference post-WWI. They were Woodrow Wilson- USA, David Lloyd George- UK, George Clemenceau- France, and Vittorio Orlando- Italy. | |
| 654287147 | Billy Sunday | radio revivalist that used the basics of fundamentalism to attack drinking, gambling, and dancing | |
| 654287148 | Bolshevik Revolution | The overthrow of Russia's Provisional Government in the fall of 1917 by Lenin and his Bolshevik forces, made possible by the government's continuing defeat in the war, its failure to bring political reform, and a further decline in the conditions of everyday life. | |
| 654287149 | Central Powers | WWI alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire | |
| 654287150 | Charles Evans Hughes | Republican candidate in 1916, and lost to Wilson by less that 1% of the vote. | |
| 654287151 | Committee on Public Information | "Creel Commission"; agency that was responsible for rallying Americans around the war effort through propaganda | |
| 654287152 | Convoy System | the protection of merchant ships from U-boat-German submarine-attacks by having the ships travel in large groups escorted by warships | |
| 654287153 | David Lloyd George | British Prime Minister that represented Great Britain at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. He pushed for a revenge-based treaty at Versailles, hampering Wilson's Fourteen Points | |
| 654287154 | "dollar-a-year" men | volunteers who staffed numerous US agencies ie. War Industries Board and the National War Labor Board. Often led by wealthy businessmen who only received $1 dollar a year from the government | |
| 654287155 | Espionage Act of 1917 | provided fines and imprisonment for persons who aided the enemy, obstructed with the draft, caused disloyaly or refusal of duty in the army services; printed materials advocating treason could be excluded from the US mail | |
| 654287156 | Fourteen Points | the war aims outlined by President Wilson in 1918, which he believed would promote lasting peace; called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations | |
| 654287157 | Gallipoli | A poorly planned and badly executed Allied campaign to capture the Turkish peninsula during World War I. Intended to open up a sea lane to the Russians through the Black Sea, the attempt failed with heavy losses | |
| 654287158 | Georges Clemenceau | He was the French representative at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. He pushed for a revenge-based treaty at Versailles, hampering the Fourteen Points. | |
| 654287159 | George Creel / Creel Committee | progressive who was in charge of the Committee on Public Information(propaganda agency) | |
| 654287160 | "great migration" | movement of over 300,000 African Americans and Mexicans from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920 | |
| 654287161 | "he kept us out of war" | Wilson's campaign slogan in 1916 reminding the public that they weren't entangled in WWI | |
| 654287162 | Henry Cabot Lodge | Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations. | |
| 654287163 | internationalism | a nation should involve themselves in the affairs of other countries in order to the shape the future of the world | |
| 654287164 | International Workers of the World | 1905 - Also known as IWW or Wobblies. Followed socialist ideals. this group was persecuted during WWI due to their socialist tendencies and activism against the government | |
| 654287165 | Jane Addams | the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes | |
| 654287166 | John J. Pershing | Commander of American Expeditionary Force who insisted his soldiers fight as independent units so US would have independent role in shaping the peace | |
| 654287167 | Kaiser Wilhelm | King of Prussia and Emperor of Germany whose political policies led his country into World War I. He was forced from power when Germany lost the war. | |
| 654287168 | League of Nations | an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations; US never joined it. It was too weak to make any substantial progress. | |
| 654287169 | Liberty bonds/ Liberty Loan drives | used to finance the US war effort; government encouraged Americans to buy Liberty bonds | |
| 654287170 | Ludlow "massacre" | The violent deaths, during an attack by the Colorado National Guard on a tent colony of 1,200 striking coal miners and their families at Ludlow, even after the War Labor Board's negotiations | |
| 654287171 | Lusitania crisis | British passenger ship that was torpedoed by a German submarine and sank on May 7th, 1915, killing 128 Americans. US would hold Germany responsible for unlawful acts. | |
| 654287172 | mandate system | Allocation of former German colonies and Ottoman possessions to the victorious powers after World War I, to be administered under League of Nations supervision. | |
| 654287173 | Marcus Garvey | African American leader during the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. Was deported to Jamaica in 1927. | |
| 654287174 | National War Labor Board | a board that negotiated labor disputes and gave workers what they wanted to prevent strikes that would disrupt the war... (8 hour day, higher wages) | |
| 654287175 | National American Women's Suffrage Association (NAWSA) | organization that coordinated the ultimately successful campaign to achieve women's right to vote. Led by Carrie Chapman Catt | |
| 654287176 | National Defense Act | (June 1916) Increased the number of US soldiers in the Army to 175,000 | |
| 654287178 | Ottoman Empire | Centered in Constantinople, the Turkish imperial state that conquered large amounts of land in the Middle East, North Africa, and the Balkans, and fell after World War I. | |
| 654287179 | Red Scare | period in US history when there was a suspicion of communism and fear of widespread infiltration of communists in the US governmentt | |
| 654287180 | "red summer" | A series of 1919 race riots in 25 cities, with several Americans, both black and white, killed and numerous others injured. | |
| 654287181 | reservationists vs. irreconcilables | reservationist--wanted to amend the treaty and thus weaken it. irreconcilables--wanted to reject the treaty completely | |
| 654287182 | "return to normalcy" | U.S. Presidential candidate Warren Harding's campaign promise in the election of 1920. | |
| 654287183 | Sabotage and Sedition Act of 1918 | These bills expanded the the meaning of the Espionage Act to make illegal any public expression of opposition to the war; in practice, they allowed officials to prosecute anyone who critized the president or the government. | |
| 654287184 | self-determination | right of people to choose their own form of government | |
| 654287185 | Selective Service Act of 1917 | devised by Sec of War Newton D. Baker. Provided for the registration of men between ages 21 and 31 for the draft; 2.8 million called by lottery system | |
| 654287186 | Schenk v U.S. | court case, upheld constitutionality of Espionage Act; Congress right to limit free speech if it represented a 'clear and present danger' to the public safety | |
| 654287187 | Schlieffen Plan | Germany's military plan at the outbreak of World War I, according to which German troops would rapidly defeat France and then move east to attack Russia. | |
| 654287188 | "solemn referendum" of 1920 | Wilson proposed to settle the treaty issue in Presidential Campaign of 1920. Wilson went on an arduous speaking tour. | |
| 654287189 | Spanish influenza | the pandemic respiratory infection that spread throughout the world during 1917-18 after soldiers returned home from WWI. | |
| 654287190 | submarine warfare | first truly implemented in WWI after a brief appearance in the American Civil War. They first became significant weapons as the German U-boat campaign in 1915-1916 emerged. | |
| 654287191 | Sussex | Passenger-liner sunk in March 1916 by Germany. This led Wilson to break diplomatic relations with Germany if they did not comply with his commands. | |
| 654287192 | Treaty of Brest Litovsk | Treaty in which Russia lost substantial territory to the Germans. This ended Russian participation in the war. 1918 | |
| 654287193 | Treaty of Versailles | the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans and taking all blame for the war. | |
| 654287194 | Triple Alliance | An alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in the years before WWI. | |
| 654287195 | Triple Entente | An alliance between Great Britain, France and Russia in the years before WWI. | |
| 654287196 | Victory Gardens | Gardens that citizens planted to raise their own vegetables, so that food could be sent to the troops during WWI | |
| 654287197 | Vladimir Lenin | Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924) | |
| 654287198 | War Industries Board | This government agency oversaw the production of all American factories. It determined priorities, allocated raw materials, and fixed prices; it told manufacturers what they could and could not produce.(Bernard Baruch) | |
| 654287199 | Warren G. Harding | beat Wilson in the election of 1920; president after World War I who promised a "return to normalcy" | |
| 654287200 | William Jennings Bryan | Sec of State under President Wilson; resigned after Wilson responded with a war-like message to Germany's sinking of the Lusitania. | |
| 654287201 | Woodrow Wilson | United States President during World War I; used "he kept us out of the war as 1916 campaign slogan; creator of the Fourteen Points | |
| 654287202 | Zimmerman Telegram | Telegram sent by German foreign minister Zimmerman to encourage a Mexican attack against the United States in return for territories the US had taken from them ie. Arizona, Texas, California. Intercepted by the US in 1917. | |
| 654287203 | 1916 | German forces repulsed in efforts to take Verdun (France) | |
| 654287204 | 1917 | United States declares war against Germany on April 2, 1917. | |
| 654287205 | November 11, 1918 | Germany signs Armistice ending WWI to halt fghting until a formal peace treaty is signed | |
| 654287206 | 1914-1918 | Years of WWI |
