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| (1846-1850) A fungus from America destroyed the new potato crop in 1845, resulting in famine and disease | ||
| A meeting of European powers after the Napoleonic wars in 1815; established a balance of power to preserve the status quo in post-revolutionary Europe | ||
| (1809-1848) Austrian minister of foreign affairs | ||
| (1812-1822) British foreign secretary | ||
| (1801-1825) This tsar of Russia wanted to restore the kingdom of Poland, which he wanted to bestow the benefits of his rule | ||
| Leader of the Radical party in the Hungarian diet; inspired revolution in Vienna with his speech on the virtues of liberty (March 3, 1848); his national party in Hungary enacted the March Laws (Mar. 15, 1848), which constitutionally separated Hungary from the rest of the empire, while still recognizing the Habsburg house | ||
| (1797-1840) Declared that if Poland was to be controlled by Russia, Prussia should get Saxony. | ||
| The league of German states created in 1815 that replaced the HRE | ||
| Pact signed in 1815 by the four powers who defeated Napoleon-Great Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia-for the purpose of protecting Europe against future French aggression | ||
| Prussia, Austria, and Russia, under the leadership of tsar Alexander I, agreed to protect the peace and the Christian religion following the Congress of Vienna | ||
| English novelist noted for her insightful portrayals of middle-class families (1775-1817) | ||
| Queen of Great Britain and Ireland and empress of India from 1837 to 1901 (1819-1901) | ||
| A political philosophy based on freedom of the individual and the corruptibility of authority; associated with constitutional reform in the first half of the nineteenth century | ||
| (1748-1832) Social philosopher that founded utilitarianism | ||
| A philosophical plan to ensure social harmony through the measurement of pleasure and pain or the greatest happiness of the greatest number; a liberal philosophy | ||
| The political doctrine that glorified the people united against absolutism of kings and the absolutism of foreign oppressors | ||
| (1805-1872) Italian nationalist whose writings spurred the movement for a unified and independent Italy | ||
| (1789-1846) A political economist that formulated a statement of economic nationalism to counter the liberal doctrines of David Ricardo | ||
| An artistic and literary tradition based on emotions rather than the intellect | ||
| (1766-1817) Founder of French romanticism; influenced French liberal political theory; opposed Napoleonic rule | ||
| (1850) Prussian ministers signed an agreement with their Austrian counterparts; Prussia was forced to accept Austrian dominance | ||
| (1749-1832) A German author who wrote near the end of the Aufklärung, the German Enlightenment. Goethe's morose The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774) helped fuel the Sturm und Drang movement, and his two-part Faust (1808, 1832) is seen as one of the landmarks of Western literature | ||
| (1819) Discouraged liberal teachings in southern Germany. Censorship imposed by Metternich. | ||
| 19th century ideology that favored tradition and stability and only growth and change |
