The American Pageant 14th Edition
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| 601714431 | Post War South | crops and farms were destroyed, the slaves had been freed, the cities were burnt down, and the economy was ruined | |
| 601714432 | Freedman's Bureau | provided food, clothing, jobs, medical care, schools for former slaves and the poor whites; headed by Union General Oliver O. Howard; wasn't as effective as it could have been | |
| 601714433 | "exodusters" | African Americans who moved from post reconstruction South to Kansas | |
| 601714434 | Oliver O. Howard | Head of the Freedmen's Bureau; Union General; founded and served as President of Howard University in Washington D.C. | |
| 601714435 | Andrew Johnson | came from very poor and humble beginnings; served in Congress for many years; only Confederate congressman not to leave Congress when the rest of the South seceded; had a short temper; dogmatic champion of states' rights and the Constitution; never earned the trust of the North and never regained the confidence of the South | |
| 601714436 | Lincoln's 10% Plan | southern states could be reintegrated into the Union if and when they had only 10% of its voters pledge and taken an oath to the Union, and also acknowledge the emancipation of the slaves; very forgiving plan for the South | |
| 601714437 | Wade-Davis Bill | an 1864 plan for Reconstruction that denied the right to vote or hold office for anyone who had fought for the Confederacy; required 50% of the voters of a state to take the loyalty oath; Lincoln refused to sign this bill thinking it was too harsh (pocket vetoing it after Congress adjourned) | |
| 601714438 | Radical Republicans | political party that favored harsh punishment of Southern states after civil war | |
| 601714439 | Moderate Republicans | group that viewed Reconstruction as a practical matter of restoring states into the Union and keeping the former Confederates out of government; shared same views as Lincoln | |
| 601714440 | Johnson's Plan for Reconstruction | majority of white men must swear oath of loyalty; new government must ban slavery and ratify 13th Amendment; Confederate officials may vote and hold office; very similar to Lincoln's plan | |
| 601714441 | Black Codes | laws passed in the south just after the Civil War aimed at controlling freedmen and enabling plantation owners to exploit African American workers; made many abolitionists wonder if the price of the Civil War was worth it | |
| 601714442 | Sharecropping | a system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which slaves/farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops | |
| 601714443 | "whitewashed rebels" | officials in office and those who were part of the Confederate government; at this point they had been thrown out of government | |
| 601714444 | Southern Voting Strength | Blacks counted for a whole person instead of just 3/5 of one; South was stronger politically than ever before | |
| 601714445 | Civil Rights Bill of 1868 | conferred on blacks the privilege of American citizenship and struck at the Black Codes; Jackson vetoed | |
| 601714446 | Fourteenth Amendment | adopted after the Civil War; all Blacks were American citizens, if a state denied citizenship to Blacks, then its representatives in the Electoral College were lowered, former Confederates could not hold federal or state office, the federal debt was guaranteed while the Confederate one was erased | |
| 601722924 | Congressional Elections of 1866 | former Confederates were elected to Congress but Congress wouldn't allow them back in because of the Civil War; Republicans ruled Congress but fought with Johnson | |
| 601722925 | "swing around the circle" | speaking campaign of US President Andrew Johnson in which he tried to gain support of his mild Reconstruction policies | |
| 601722926 | Thaddeus Stevens | man behind the 14th Amendment, which ends slavery; he and President Johnson were absolutely opposed to each other; known as a Radical Republican | |
| 601722927 | Charles Sumner | gave a speech in may 1856 called " the Crime Against Kansas" militant opponent of slavery; beat with a cane by Preston Brooks after the speech; leader of the radicals | |
| 601722928 | Reconstruction Act of 1867 | divided the South into five military zones, temporarily disfranchised tens of thousands of former Confederates, and laid down new guidelines for the readmission of states: all states had to approve the 14th Amendment, making all Blacks citizens, all states had to guarantee full suffrage of all male former slaves | |
| 601722929 | Fifteenth Amendment | passed by Congress in 1869; gave Blacks their right to vote | |
| 601722930 | Ex parte Milligan | was a United States Supreme Court case that ruled suspension of Habeas Corpus by President Abraham Lincoln as constitutional | |
| 601722931 | "redeemers" | former slave owners who were the bitterest opponents of the Republican program in the South; staged a major counterrevolution to "redeem" the south by taking back southern state governments; foundation rested on the idea of racism and white supremacy; redeemer governments waged and agressive assault on African Americans | |
| 601722932 | Womens Reaction of 14th Amendment | disappointed by it since they didn't give women suffrage; women advocates campaigned against it | |
| 601767724 | Hiram Revels | African American minister who was elected to serve in the Senate; one of the first blacks to serve in the Senate | |
| 601767725 | Blanche K. Bruce | an American politician; represented Mississippi as a U.S. Senator from 1875 to 1881 and was the first black to serve a full term in the Senate | |
| 601767726 | Ku Klux Klan | founded in the 1860s in the south; meant to control newly freed slaves through threats and violence; tried to scare blacks out of voting, jobs, etc; also known as the "Invisible Empire of the South" | |
| 601767727 | Force Acts of 1870 and 1871 | federal laws that outlawed the KKK and anyone impeding the rights of anyone trying to exercise their constitutional right to vote; aimed at protecting African American's right to vote in the southern states | |
| 601767728 | "scalawags" | Southerners who were accused of plundering Southern treasuries and selling out the Southerners | |
| 601767729 | "carpetbaggers' | Northerners accused of parasitically milking power and profit in a now-desolate South | |
| 601767730 | "Bluff Ben" Wade | leader of radicals in the Senate; expected to become president after Johnson's impeachment | |
| 601767731 | Army Appropriations Act | required the president to issue military orders through a commanding general, a figure who could be removed only by Senate action; Radical Republicans believed that increasing their influence within the U.S. Army was a further means of controlling the course of Reconstruction | |
| 601767732 | Tenure of Office Act | 1866; enacted by Radical Congress; forbade president from removing civil officers without Senatorial consent; was to prevent Johnson from removing a Radical Republican from his cabinet | |
| 601767733 | Edwin Stanton | served as the Secretary of War under Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War; refused to leave after Johnson fired him, thus starting the impeachment process; was a spy for the Republicans | |
| 601767734 | Edmund G. Ross | Senator from the Radical Republican State of Kansas who cast the deciding not guilty vote of Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial | |
| 601767735 | Johnson's Impeachment | he intentionally violates Tenure Act because it was set upt to get him impeached by firing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton; at the trial his lawyer says his only crime is opposing Congress; voted "not guilty", so he escaped impeachment by one vote | |
| 601767736 | "Seward's Folly" | Secretary of State William Seward's negotiation of the purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867; at the time everyone thought this was a mistake to buy Alaska the "ice box" but it turned out to be the biggest bargain since the Louisiana purchase once oil & god was discovered |
