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Chapter 23: A New Era the 1920's

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62790494Warren HardingA republican senator who was unclear about where he stood on every issue. He is known for his speech regarding America's hope for a "return to normalcy"
62790495Fordney-McCumber Tariff ActHarding increases tariff rates during 1922
62790496Bureau of the Budgetprocedures for all government expendditures to be placed in a single budget for Congress to review and vote on
62790497Teapot Domein 1924 Congress discovered that Albert B. Fall had accepted bribes for grantin oil leases near Teapot Dome, WY. Daughterty also took bribes for not agreeing to prosecute certain criminal suspects.
62790498Calvin CoolidgeElection of 1924- Coolidge overwhelming choice for Reps. Silent Cal also believed that "the business of America is business"
62790499Herbert Hoover31st president of the US-- President during the crash of the stock market. Unable to help country get out of the Great Depression.
62790500Alfred E. SmithGovernor of New York who ran as a Democrat for the 1928 elections against Hoover
62790501business proseperitycaused by increased productivity, energy technologies, and government policy favoring the growth of big business
62790502Henry FordUnited States manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production (1863-1947)
62790503assembly lineProduction method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks that became popular in the 1920's with Henry Ford
62790504open shopa company whose workers are hired without regard to their membership in a labor union. During the 1920's the union movement moved backwards.
62790505welfare capitalismwhen companies provide incentives to build better relationships with employees; health insurance, safety standards, buy stock in the company
62790506jazz agenew and modern culture of the cities brought North by African Americans
62790507consumerism: autos, radio, moviesEnabled people from one end of the country to the other to listen to the same programs. the movie industry reached new heights and going to the movies became very popular during the 1920's
62790508Charles LindbergAmerican hero who was the first to fly solo from New York to Paris during the 1920s
62790509Sigmund FreudAustrian psychiatrist who stressed the role of sexual repression in mental illness.
62790510Magaret SangerFounder of the modern American birth control movement during the Progressive Movement
62790511modernismtaught that bible could work hand in hand with Darwin's theory of evolution without abandoning religion
62790512fundamentalismtaught that every word in the bible must be accepted literally
62790513revivalists: Billy Sunday; Aimme Semple McPhersonpreached a fundamentalist message but did so for the first time making full use of the radio. Sunday attacked drinking gambling, and dancing; McPherson condemned communism and jazz music.
62790514Gertrude SteinWriter who referred to the 1920 writers as part of "The Lost Generation"
62790515Lost Generationscornful of religion although hypocritcal and bitterly condemning to sacrafices of wartime and perpetrated by money interests
62790516F. Scott Fitzgeralda novelist during the jazz age, known for the Great Gatsby
62790517Ernest Hemingwaywriter who expressed disillusionment with the ideals of an earlier time and the materialism of the business orientated culture
62790518Sinclair Lewiswriter who expressed disillusionment with the ideals of an earlier time and the materialism of the business orientated culture
62790519Ezra Poundpoet who expressed disillusionment with the ideals of an earlier time and the materialism of the business orientated culture
62790520T.S. Eliotpoet who expressed disillusionment with the ideals of an earlier time and the materialism of the business orientated culture
62790521Frank Lloyd Wrightarchitect who built Empire State Building (1931); "form follows function"
62790522functionalismform follows function
62790523Edward Hopper1926 artist who painted Early Sunday Morning: personal cityscapes
62790524Georgia O'KeeffeUnited States painter (1887-1986)
62790525Harlem Renaissancea period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished
62790526Countee Cullenpoet during the Harlem Renaissance
62790527Langston HughesAfrican American poet who described the rich culture of african American life using rhythms influenced by jazz music. He wrote of African American hope and defiance, as well as the culture of Harlem and also had a major impact on the Harlem Renaissance.
62790528James Weldon JohnsonNAACP leader and Harlem Renaissance writer; he also wrote poetry
62790529Claude McKayA poet who was a major figure in the Harlem Renaissance movement and wrote the poem "If We Must Die" after the Chicago riot of 1919.
62790530Duke EllingtonUnited States jazz composer and piano player and bandleader during the Harlem Renaissance
62790531Louis ArmstrongLeading African American jazz musician during the Harlem Renaissance; he was a talented trumpeter whose style influenced many later musicians.
62790532Bessie SmithAfrican American blues singer who played and important role in the Harlem Reniassance.
62790533Paul RobesonUnited States bass singer and an outspoken critic of racism and proponent of socialism (1898-1976)
62790534Marcus GarveyAfrican American leader durin the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa.
62790535Scopes triala highly publicized trial in 1925 when John Scopes violated a Tennessee state law by teaching evolution in high school (set up)
62790536Clarence DarrowDefended John Scopes during the Scopes Trial. He argued that evolution should be taught in schools.
62790537Prohibition; Volstead Act (1919)18th Amendments bans the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages in order to promote a sober workforce but fails and it is ratified in 1919 by the Volstead Act
62790538organized crimecrime during the 1920;s became bad because of the ban on alcohol. Gangsters such as Al Cappone became widely known and bootlegging became a major problem to enforce.
62790539immigration quota laws (1921, 1924)Congress passes two laws in order to limit immigration. Undesirables were persecuted and the immigration from southern and eastern Europe was even more limited.
62790540Sacco and Vanzettitwo italian anarchists who were convicted and executed in the 1920's. Very controversial whether or not they actually commited the crime.
62790541Ku Klux KlanA hate group prevelant in the South that grew in population and membership greatly during the 1920's.
62790542disarmamentduring the 1920's the American presidents tried to promote peace by arranging for weapons to be removed from the countries all over the world in order to prevent another war
62790543Washington Conference(1921)hopes to stabilize the size of the US navy relative to that of other powers and to resolve conflicts in the Pacific.
62790544Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)renounced the aggressive use of force to achieve national ends
62790545war debtsDuring the war, the United States loaned huge amounts of funds to help with the war but the debts took too long to be paid back. Germany had a hard time paying back their debts.
62790546reparationsHarding and Coolidge insisted GB and Frace pay back every penny of their war debts when they objected germany was required to pay $30 billion in reparations to the Allies.
62790547Dawes Plan (1924)U.S. lends money to Germany to help pay reparations

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