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| 62859431 | Napoleon III | nephew of Napoleon I and emperor of the French from 1852 to 1871 (1808-1873) | 0 | |
| 62859432 | Simon Bolivar | The most important military leader in the struggle for independence in South America. Born in Venezuela, he led military forces there and in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. | 1 | |
| 62859433 | Miguel Hidalgo y Castilla | Mexican priest and revolutionary who led a revolt that started the Mexican war of independence. | 2 | |
| 62859434 | Jose Maria Morelos | Mexican priest and former student of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, he led the forces fighting for Mexican independence until he was captured and executed in 1814. (See also Hidalgo y Costilla, Miguel.) | 3 | |
| 62859435 | Confederation of 1867 | Negotiated union of the formerly separate colonial governments of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. This new Dominion of Canada with a central government in Ottawa is seen as the beginning of the Canadian nation. | 4 | |
| 62859436 | Personalist Leaders | Political leaders who rely on charisma and their ability to mobilize and direct the masses of citizens outside the authority of constitutions and laws. Nineteenth-century examples include Jos? Antonio P?ez of Venezuela and Andrew Jackson of the US. | 5 | |
| 62859437 | Andrew Jackson | First president of the United States to be born in humble circumstances. He was popular among frontier residents, urban workers, and small farmers. He had a successful political career as judge, eneral, congressman, senator, and president. After bieng denied the presidency in 1824 in a controversial election, he won in 1828 and was reelected in 1832. | 6 | |
| 62859438 | Jose Antonio Paez | Venezuelan soldier who led Simon Bolivar's cavalry force. He became a successful general in the war and built a powerful political base. He was unwilling to accept the constitutional authority of Bolivar's government in distant Bogotá and declared Venezuela's independence from Gran Colombia in 1829. | 7 | |
| 62859439 | Benito Juarez | President of Mexico (1858-1872). Born in poverty in Mexico, he was educated as a lawyer and rose to become chief justice of the Mexican supreme court and then president. He led mexico's resistance to a French invasion in 1863and the installation of Maximilian as emperor. | 8 | |
| 62859440 | Tecumseh | Shawnee leader who attempted to organize an Amerindian confederacy to prevent the loss of additional territory to American settlers. He became an ally of the British in War of 1812 and died in battle. | 9 | |
| 62859441 | Caste War | A rebellion of the Maya people against the government of Mexico in 1847. It nearly returned the Yucatan to Maya rule. Some Maya rebels retreated to unoccupied territories where they held out until 1901. | 10 | |
| 62859442 | Abolitionists | Men and women who agitated for a complete end to slavery. Abolitionist pressure ended the British transatlantic slave trade in 1808 and slavery in British colonies in 1834. In the United States the activities of abolitionists were one factor leadin to the Civil War. | 11 | |
| 62859443 | Acculturation | The adoption of the languae, customs, values, and behaviors of host nations by immigrants. | 12 | |
| 62859444 | Women's Rights Convention | An 1848 gathering of women angered by their exclusion from an international antislavery meeting. They met at Seneca Falls, New York, to discuss women's rights. | 13 | |
| 62859445 | Development | In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the economic process that led to industrialization, urbanization, the rise of a large and prosperous middle class, and heavy investment in education. | 14 | |
| 62859446 | Underdevelopment | The condition experienced by economies that depend on colonial forms of production such as the export of raw materials and plantation crops with low wages and low investment in education. | 15 | |
| 62859447 | Caudillo | In Latin America, a personalist leader who gained and held political power without constitutional sanction. | 16 | |
| 62859448 | Frederick Douglas | Self-educated slave who escaped in 1838, Douglas became the best-known abolitionist speaker. He edited an anti-slavery weekly, the North Star. | 17 | |
| 62859449 | Abraham Lincoln | U.S. statesmen, 16th president. Led Union to victory in Civil War. Assassinated. Sometimes called "Honest Abe". | 18 | |
| 62859450 | Chinese Exclusion Act | 1882, eliminated most Chinese immiration | 19 | |
| 62859451 | Indian Removal Act | Passed by Congress in 1830, forced resettlement of Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, and other eastern peoples to land west of the Mississippi River. | 20 |
