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| 610606546 | waving the bloody shirt | by which The Republicans got Grant elected , revived his war victories, and used his popularity to elect him, though his popular vote was only slightly ahead of rival Horatio Seymour. | |
| 610606547 | tweed ring | + employed bribery, graft, and fake elections to cheat the city of as much as $200 million. + was finally caught when The New York Times secured evidence of his misdeeds, and later died in jail. | |
| 610606548 | credit mobilier scandal | + a railroad construction company that paid itself huge sums of money for small railroad construction, tarred Grant. + A New York newspaper finally busted it, and two members of Congress were formally censured (the company had given some of its stock to the congressmen) and the Vice President himself was shown to have accepted 20 shares of stock. | |
| 610606549 | panic of 1873 | + caused by too many railroads and factories being formed than existing markets could bear and the over-loaning by banks to those projects. + (1) over-speculation and (2) too-easy credit. | |
| 610606550 | gilded age | a term coined by Mark Twain hinting that times looked good, yet if one scratched a bit below the surface, there were problems. | |
| 610606551 | patronage | disbursing jobs by bucketful in return for votes, kickbacks, party service | |
| 610606552 | compromise of 1877 | + For the North—Hayes would become president if he agreed to remove troops from the remaining two Southern states where Union troops remained (Louisiana and South Carolina), and also, a bill would subsidize the Texas and Pacific rail line. + For the South—military rule and Reconstruction ended when the military pulled out of the South | |
| 610606553 | civil rights act of 1875 | guarantee equal accommodations in public places and prohibited racial discrimination in jury selection | |
| 610606554 | sharecropping | + one form of crop- lien system + blacks provide labor | |
| 610606555 | jim crow | + system state- level legal codes of segregation to discriminate against the blacks | |
| 610606556 | plessy v. ferguson | the case( 1896) in which ruled that separate but equal facilities were constitutional under the equal protection clause of 14th amendment. | |
| 610606557 | chinese exclusion act | in 1882, was passed, barring any Chinese from entering the United States—the first law limiting immigration. | |
| 610606558 | pendleton act | + during Chester Arthur's presidency + 1883, the so-called Magna Charta of civil-service reform (awarding of government jobs based on ability, not just because a buddy awarded the job) | |
| 610606559 | homestead strike | steelworkers angry over pay cuts were crushed at Andrew Carnegie, Pittsburgh | |
| 610606560 | grandfather clause | + anyone who voted in 1860 were exempted from literacy tests, poll taxes to enfranchise + to deny blacks the ballot | |
| 610606561 | jay gould | In 1869, the concocted a plot to corner the gold market that would only work if the treasury stopped selling gold, so they worked on President Grant directly and through his brother-in-law, but their plan failed when the treasury sold gold. | |
| 610606562 | horace greeley | + Liberal Republican Party nominator in 1872 + The Democratic Party also supported him, even though he had blasted them repeatedly in his newspaper (the New York Tribune), but he pleased them because he called for a clasping of hands between the North and South and an end to Reconstruction. | |
| 610606563 | rutherford hayes | + Republican nominator in 1876 against Democrate Samuel Tilden + presidency from 1877- 1881 + compromise of 1877 + veto a bill restricting the influx from China | |
| 610606564 | james garfield | + A Republican got elected in 1881 with his running mate Chester Arthur + on September 19, 1881, died after having been shot in the head by , Charles J. Guiteau, | |
| 610606565 | chester arthur | + Replaced James Garfield + presidency from 1881- 1885 + Pass Pendleton Act of 1883 | |
| 610606566 | grover cleveland | + he might have been the father of an illegitimate child + the first Democratic president since James Buchanan. + dealt with corruption in pension + battle for lower tariff when treasury has a surplus + presidency 1885-1889, 1893- 1897 ( depression of 1893) | |
| 610606567 | thomas reed | + Republican Speaker of the House + To solve the problem of reaching a quorum in Congress, he counted the Democrats who were present yet didn't answer to the roll call + open "Billion Dollar" Congress: shower pensions, purchase silver, protect Republican industrialists from foreign competition, pass McKinley Tariff Act of 1890 | |
| 610606568 | tom watson | populist leaders who reached out black community to earn votes from the blacks in the South but then abandoned his interracial appeals and became a vociferous racist | |
| 610606569 | william jennings bryan | in 1893 ( Cleveland's presidency), advocating "free silver," and gaining support for his beliefs, but an angry Cleveland used his executive power to break the filibuster in the Senate—thus alienating the silver-supporting Democrats. | |
| 610606570 | j. p. morgan | bankers who lent the government $65 millions in gold , agreed to obtain 1/2 of the gold abroad => restore confidence in the nation's finances |
