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| 329964240 | American Revolution: | rebellion of the British American Atlantic seaboard colonies; ended with the formation of the independent United States. | 0 | |
| 329964241 | French Revolution: | overthrow of the Bourbon monarchy through a revolution beginning in 1789; created a republic and eventually ended with Napoleon's French Empire; the source of many liberal movements and constitutions in Europe. | 1 | |
| 329964242 | Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen: | adopted during the French Revolution; proclaimed the equality of French citizens; became a source document for later liberal movements. | 2 | |
| 329964243 | Congress of Vienna: | met in 1815 after the defeat of France to restore the European balance of power. | 3 | |
| 329964244 | French Revolution of 1830: | second revolution against the Bourbon dynasty; a liberal movement which created a bourgeois government under a moderate monarchy. | 4 | |
| 329964245 | Belgian Revolution of 1830: | produced Belgian independence from the Dutch; established a constitutional monarchy. | 5 | |
| 329964246 | Factory system: | intensification of all of the processes of production at a single site during the Industrial Revolution; involved greater organization of labor and increased discipline. | 6 | |
| 329964247 | French Revolution of 1848: | overthrew the French monarchy established in 1830; briefly established the second French Republic. | 7 | |
| 329964248 | Benjamin Disraeli: | British politician; granted the vote to working-class males in 1867; an example of conservative politicians keeping stability through reform. | 8 | |
| 329964249 | Camillo di Cavour: | architect of Italian unification in 1858; created a constitutional Italian monarchy under the King of Piedmont. | 9 | |
| 329964250 | American Civil War (1861-1865): | fought to prevent secession of the southern states; the first war to incorporate the products and techniques of the Industrial Revolution; resulted in the abolition of slavery and the reunification of the United States. | 10 | |
| 329964251 | Feminist movements: | sought legal and economic gains for women, among them equal access to professions and higher education; came to concentrate on the right to vote; won initial support from middle-class women. | 11 | |
| 329964252 | Charles Darwin: | biologist who developed the theory of evolution of the species; argued that all living forms evolved through the successful ability to adapt in a struggle for survival. | 12 | |
| 329964253 | Albert Einstein: | formulated mathematical theories to explain the behavior of planetary motion and the movement of electrical particles; about 1900 issued the theory of relativity. | 13 | |
| 329964254 | American exceptionalism: | historical argument that the development of the United States was largely individualistic and that contact with Europe was incidental to American formation. | 14 | |
| 329964255 | Balkan nationalism: | movements to create independent states and reunite ethnic groups in the Balkans; provoked crises within the European alliance system that ended with the outbreak of World War I. | 15 |
