Terms from Chapter 24: The Jazz Age.
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| 334202040 | Section I: Time of Turmoil | ... | |
| 334202041 | Capitalism | An economic system based on private property and free enterprise. | |
| 334202042 | Anarchists | People who believe there should be no government. | |
| 334202043 | Red Scare | A period when the government went after Communists ("Reds") and anyone else with radical views. | |
| 334202044 | Deport | Expel from the United States. | |
| 334202045 | Sacco and Vanzetti | In 1920 in Massachusetts, two men robbed a shoe factory. A guard and paymaster were shot and killed, and two Italian immigrants named Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were arrested for the crime. The only thing that tied them to the crime was that Sacco owned a similar pistol to the murder weapon. Also, they were both anarchists, but they had no criminal record. Many Americans supported the death sentence of Sacco and Vanzetti. In 1927, a special commission upheld the verdict, and Sacco and Vanzetti were executed. Whether they actually committed the crime or not, this case symbolizes the anti-foreigner/radical feelings at the time and how strong they were. | |
| 334202046 | "Red Agitators" | Propaganda name steel companies made for strikers. | |
| 334202047 | Marcus Garvey | Journalist and leader who opposed integration and supported a "back-to-Africa" movement, telling African Americans to go back to Africa and create their own country/settlement. | |
| 334202048 | Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) | Established in 1914 by Marcus Garvey. The UNIA promoted African American racial unity and pride. | |
| 334202049 | Section II: Desire for Normalcy | ... | |
| 334202050 | Warren G. Harding | Republican, and senator of Ohio. He was nominated for president in the summer of 1920 (the first election when women could vote), and won the election by a landslide in November. He rewarded his political supporters and friends with government jobs. | |
| 334202051 | The Ohio Gang | Name for the group of friends/political supporters that he gave government jobs to. | |
| 334202052 | Teapot Dome Scandal | Albert Fall (Senator of New Mexico and part of the Ohio Gang), the secretary of the interior, was caught secretly leasing the government oil reserves in Elk Hills, California, and Teapot Dome, Wyoming, to the owners of two oil companies for more than $400,000. He was tried for bribery and sent to prison, and was the first cabinet officer to go to jail. This scandal represented the corruption in the Ohio Gang. | |
| 334202053 | Calvin Coolidge | When President Harding suffered a heart attack and died during a trip to the west, Vice President Coolidge took the oath of office (on August 3, 1923) and became the new president. His nickname was "Silent Cal", and he was very honest also. He fired everyone in the Ohio Gang and replaced them with trustworthy and honest officials. He believed in less government and non-interference in people's lives. He also supported business. He was reelected in 1924. | |
| 334202054 | Miriam "Ma" Ferguson | In 1924, won the governor's race in Texas, and was one of the first women in history to do so. | |
| 334202055 | Five-Powers Treaty | In 1921, a treaty signed by the U.S., Great Britain, Japan, France, and Italy, and limited the size of the nations' navies. | |
| 334202056 | Kellogg-Briand Pact | In August 1928, the U.S. plus 14 other nations signed the pact that called for no war, and in a few years, 48 other countries had signed, but it had no means for preventing war. | |
| 334202057 | Section III: A Booming Economy | ... | |
| 334202058 | Recession | An economic downturn. | |
| 334202059 | GNP | Stands for Gross National Product, which is the total value of all goods and services produced. | |
| 334202060 | Productivity | The amount of work each worker could do. | |
| 334202061 | Welfare capitalism | Steps created to link workers closer to the business they worked for by encouraging workers to do things like buy stock of the company or use their health/accident insurance. | |
| 334202062 | Consumer economy | The new economy of buying, where more people bought products. | |
| 334202063 | Installment Buying | A way consumers could get bigger products faster even if they didn't have all the money the product costed. The consumer would pay a small portion of money (called a down payment) first, then pay small amounts regularly over a period of time. | |
| 334202064 | Henry Ford/Model T | Henry Ford invented the Model T, an affordable car for the average family. It was sold for less than $300 in 1924, and his workers were paid $5 a day, more than other companies. | |
| 334274957 | Section IV: Roaring Twenties | ... | |
| 334274958 | Charles Lindbergh | The first pilot to fly alone across the Atlantic ocean. He accomplished this feat in May of 1927. | |
| 334274959 | 19th Amendment | Gave women in all states the right to vote. | |
| 334274960 | Flappers | New generation of women with bobbed hair, and a more carefree manner. | |
| 334274961 | Mass Media | Communication, like newspaper and radio, that reaches millions of people. | |
| 334274962 | Babe Ruth | Famous baseball out-fielder that made a record in 1927 with 60 home runs. | |
| 334274963 | Jazz Age | Time where the new music, jazz, was popular. Jazz was a type of music that used new rhythms. It came from African American songs and music. | |
| 334274964 | Improvisation | New rhythms and melodies created during a performance. | |
| 334274965 | Armstrong/Ellington | Louis Armstrong, a famous trumpet player, and Duke Ellington, a famous composer and pianist, were influential with jazz music and were popular African Americans in the Jazz Age. | |
| 334274966 | Langston Hughes | A well-known poetry writer at the time, inspired by jazz themes and music. | |
| 334274967 | Harlem Renaissance | A time when African American culture was more popular, and another way of saying the Roaring 20's. | |
| 334274968 | Section V: Clashing Cultures | ... | |
| 334274969 | Prohibition | The total ban on the manufacture, sale, and transportation of liquor/alcohol in the United States. The Volstead Act was passed to provide the means to enforce the ban. | |
| 334274970 | Bathtub Gin/Speakeasies | Bathtub gin was when people made liquor illegally in their homes. Speakeasies were illegal alcohol bars and clubs, where you needed a secret password, knock, etc. to get in. | |
| 334274971 | Bootlegging | The act of making and selling alcohol and liquor illegally to gain profit. | |
| 334274972 | Al "Scarface" Capone | A criminal that controlled organized crime and local politics in Chicago, and made a lot of money from bootlegging. He was arrested for reasons other than illegal alcohol selling. | |
| 334274973 | 21st Amendment | Repeals Prohibition in 1933. | |
| 334274974 | Nativism | The belief that native-born Americans are best compared to foreigners. The KKK revival was from nativism and anti-immigrant feelings. | |
| 334274975 | Evolution | The scientific theory that humans evolved over a large period of time. | |
| 334274976 | Scopes Trial | John Scopes, a high school teacher, broke the law making it illegal to teach evolution on purpose so a trial could test the law's legality. Scopes had the support of the ACLU. Williams Jennings Bryan was the lawyer for the prosecution. He was strongly against evolution. Clarence Darrow was the lawyer for Scopes. Even though Scopes was fined $100, he won in general. The Christian Fundamentalists lost because Darrow said that Bryan wanted everyone to believe in his religious views. The Supreme Court overturned Scopes's conviction, but still many people (especially rural people) stuck strongly to their beliefs. | |
| 334274977 | Herbert Hoover | Nominated by the Republicans for president in 1928. He was the head of a food relief program for Europe during WWI. He promoted government-business cooperation and the middle class. |
