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| one of the "Big Four"; backed the Central Pacific Railroad; ex-governor of California with useful political connections | ||
| one of the "Big Four"; adept lobbyist | ||
| created the Great Northern railroad; greatest railroad builder of all time | ||
| head of New York Central railroad; financed successful western railroads | ||
| made millions of dollars by embezzling stocks from several railroad companies | ||
| invented the telephone; launched a new age | ||
| "Wizard of Menlo Park"; invented the electric light bulb; had many other inventions as well | ||
| used vertical integration; mined, transported, and refined iron/steel to maximize profits; donated $350 million to charities, libraries | ||
| used "horizontal integration"; allied with or bought out competitors to gain a monopoly; monopolized oil | ||
| made a fortune in banking and Wall Street; bought Carnegie's steel company at $400 million; turned it into United States Steel Corporation, the world's first billion dollar corporation; used interlocking directorates | ||
| leader of the Knights of Labor; eloquent, but inconsistent | ||
| Democrat, governor of Illinois; pardoned 3 Knights of Labor after a bombing incident | ||
| founded the American Federation of Labor; demanded better wages, hours, and working contitions | ||
| given by the government to railroad companies to build railroads on; encouraged many railroads, including multiple transcontinental railroads | ||
| a method of cheap moneymaking; over-inflated railroad stocks and then sold them at huge profits | ||
| modern day trusts; group of competitors working together usually to set prices | ||
| helped the wealthy but not the poor; rail barons gave them to powerful shippers in exchange for using their railroads consistently | ||
| controlling the entire production line to maximize profits e.g. mining, shipping, and refining iron | ||
| controlling the entire market to maximize profits e.g. creating a monopoly | ||
| giant, monopolistic corporations | ||
| a process of placing men from your company on the board of directors of other competing companies to gain influence and reduce competition | ||
| goods used to make other goods | ||
| rule by the wealthy; money equals power | ||
| method used by corporations to handle strikes; a court order against strikers to get them to stop striking | ||
| the eastern side of the first Transcontinental Railroad; commissioned by Congress in 1862 | ||
| the western side of the first transcontinental railroad; used Chinese workers | ||
| formed by farmers to prevent corruption, such as the railroad monopoly; they were stopped after the Wabash case ruling | ||
| Supreme Cort case that lead to a huge diminishment of state rights in 1886 involving interstate commerce | ||
| first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel and pig iron, patented in 1855 | ||
| first billion dollar corporation, $1.4 billion, larger than the total sum of wealth in the nation in 1800 | ||
| essay written by Andrew Carnegie, talks about how we need to make sure that large sums of money gets to those who will spend it wisely so it will benefit all. | ||
| American academic, taught at Yale, first to teach Sociology | ||
| American south after 1877 | ||
| agreement between an employee and employer that means the employee can't join a Labor Union | ||
| was the first labor federation in the United States, founded 1866 and dissolved 1873 | ||
| was a demonstration in Chicago; police advanced on a Knights of labor meeting, a dynamite bomb was thrown and hurt many | ||
| one of the first labor federations in America, founded in 1886 |
