Terms : Hide Images
| 7770218153 | protocells | droplets with membranes that maintained an internal chemistry different from that of their surroundings, nonliving structures that are believed to have evolved into prokaryotes | 0 | |
| 7770218154 | Oparin and Haldane | hypothesized early earth atmosphere composed of ammonia, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor, and methane; thought at high temperatures organic compounds could form -> when earth cooled compounds could be found in water + lightning/UV radiation -> chemical reaction -> proteins | 1 | |
| 7770218155 | Miller and Urey | tested earlier scientist hypothesis in experiments that simulated conditions on early Earth in a closed system and produced a variety of amino acids. |  | 2 |
| 7770218156 | self-replicating RNA | A current leading hypothesis about the first system of inheritance in the earliest life forms involves_____. | 3 | |
| 7770218157 | Ribozymes | catalytic RNA molecules that function as enzymes and can splice RNA | 4 | |
| 7770218163 | Prokaryotes | a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles. Include the bacteria and cyanobacteria. Earliest living organisms | 5 | |
| 7770218164 | Aerobic | Containing oxygen; referring to an organism, environment, or cellular process that requires oxygen. | 6 | |
| 7770218165 | Anaerobic | Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism, environment, or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it | 7 | |
| 7770218166 | Eukaryotes | Unicellular nonbacterial organisms bounded by a cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organelles.appeared about 2.1 billion years ago. | 8 | |
| 7770218167 | Endosymbiotic hypothesis | Explains the origin of eukaryotes from prokaryotes. The theory that mitochondria and plastids, including chloroplasts, originated as prokaryotic cells engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell. The engulfed cell and its host cell then evolved into a single organism. |  | 9 |
| 7770218168 | Multicellular eukaryotes | organisms with many cells and true nucleus and membrane bound organelles. evolved about 1.2 billion years ago. | 10 | |
| 7770242288 | Peptidoglycan | polymer composed modified sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides (proteins) found in most bacterial cell walls in varied thicknesses | 11 | |
| 7770249932 | Gram-Positive | bacteria with simple cell walls with a relatively large amount of peptidoglycan so the violet gram stain does not wash out and it appears purple under the microscope | 12 | |
| 7770257802 | Gram-Negative | bacteria with less peptidoglycan and with plasma membranes on both sides of the peptidoglycan so the violet color washes out during staining and it appears pink under the microscope | 13 | |
| 7770269711 | capsule | sticky outer layer on many bacteria used to adhere to substrates, other bacteria, or protect from dehydration | 14 | |
| 7770279174 | fimbriae | long hairlike appendages on some bacteria used to adhere to substrates or other bacteria | 15 | |
| 7770289873 | bacterial flagellum | Structure that rotates in a circular motion to propel the bacteria. | 16 | |
| 7770300681 | nucloid | Region in the bacteria where the chromosome is located. | 17 | |
| 7770304413 | plasmids | These are small rings of of independently replicating DNA in bacteria most carry only a few genes. | 18 | |
| 7770309656 | endospores | These develop around the nucloid when nutrients are sparse. This allows the bacteria to be dormant until nutrients return. | 19 |
