Chapter 25
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| over a million people. | ||
| all passed the one million mark in population. | ||
| United States architect known for his steel framed skyscrapers and for coining the phrase 'form follows function' (1856-1924) | ||
| structurally sound steel was used for these buildings. | ||
| required mass transport, such as electric trolleys. | ||
| electricity, indoor plumbing, and telephones. | ||
| giant retail shops that appeared in cities in the late 1800s. low prices and large quantities of products. | ||
| emerged when department stores hire them to be "perfume girls" | ||
| caused mass consumerism, provided urban working class jobs, and attracted urban middle class shoppers. | ||
| a U.S. organization of both working class and more well-off women formed in 1903 to support the efforts of women to organize labor unions and to eliminate sweatshop conditions | ||
| were unable to join any union and had no organization. | ||
| structures, usually six to eight stories tall, that were jammed tightly against one another to accommodate from 24-32 families per building; very unsanitary, poor ventilation, cramped, and dirty. | ||
| abandoned the Old Continent and half of them immigrated to the U.S. | ||
| 25% of the 20 million immigrants who arrived in the U.S. between 1820 and 1900 that returned to their native country. | ||
| grew up speaking fluent English, abandoned their old cultures, and plunged into American society. | ||
| New York clergyman of the German Baptist Church, who preached the social gospel, worked to alleviate poverty, and worked to make peace between employers and labor unions. | ||
| Congregationalist minister who followed the social gospel and supported social reform. A prolific writer whose newspaper cloumns and many books made him a national leader of the Social gospel movement. | ||
| Founder of Settlement House Movement. First American Woman to earn Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 as president of Women's Intenational League for Peace and Freedom. | ||
| a house where immigrants came to live upon entering the U.S. At Settlement Houses, instruction was given in English and how to get a job, among other things. These centers were usually run by educated middle class women. | ||
| founder of Henry Street Settlement and the Visiting Nurse Service of NYC, first coined the term public health nurse. Cared for neglected children. | ||
| helped persuade to prohibit child labor and limit number of hours women were forced to work, founded National Child Labor Committee. | ||
| Nurse during the Civil War; started the American Red Cross. | ||
| Young Women's Christian Association, it aimed to help women and further feminism. | ||
| This welfare organization came to the US from England in 1880 and sought to provide food, shelter, and employment to the urban poor while preaching temperance and morality. | ||
| received jobs based on their race, class, and appearance. | ||
| viewed Eastern and Southern Europeans as culturally and religiously exotic hordes and often gave them a rude reception. | ||
| an American anti-Catholic society (similar to the Know Nothings) that was founded on March 13, 1887 by Attorney Henry F. Bowers in Clinton, Iowa | ||
| hated immigrants for the willingness to work for low pay, lack of joining unions, and their dangerous beliefs, such as socialism, communism, and anarchism. | ||
| Congress passed a law banning these people from immigrating to America. | ||
| In 1882, Congress passed the first restrictive immigration laws against this ethnic group. | ||
| suffered from the move to the city, where many of their pastoral teachings and doctrines seemed irrelevant. | ||
| Religious leaders worried about the constant battle between | ||
| adapted their religious ideas to modern culture and revoked biblical literalism. | ||
| This man, part of the social gospel movement, proclaimed the gospel of kindnessand forgiveness and adapted the old-time religion to the facts of city life and founded an institute in 1889 | ||
| This man was devoted to American unity, he was extremely popular with Roman Catholics and Protestants. Employed his liberal sympathies to assist the American labor movement. | ||
| She founded the Church of Christ(Christian Science) in 1879. Preached that the true practice of Christianity heals sickness. (No need for a doctor, if have enough faith can heal self). Wrote a widely purchased book, "Science and Health with a key to the Scriptures". | ||
| book written by Charles Darwin that set forth the theory that higher life forms had evolved trhough random mutation and adaptation | ||
| British biologist who introduced the ideas of natural selection and evolution; argued that specific behaviors evolved because they led to advantages in survival or reproduction | ||
| a theory of organic evolution claiming that new species arise and are perpetuated by natural selection | ||
| literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion | ||
| He was a Protestant clergyman who founded the Social Gospel movement that sought to solve problems brought on by industrialization, urbanization, and immigration. He believed that all races could be improved and uplifted by Christ. Wrote "Our Country" | ||
| One of the first adult education programs. Developed into a travelling lecture series and adult summer school which traversed the country providing religious and secular education though lectures and classes. | ||
| started a black school in Tuskegee, Alabama. Taught students useful skills and trades, but avoided the issue of social equality. Believed blacks should help themselves before gaining equal rights. | ||
| United States botanist and agricultural chemist who developed many uses for peanuts and soy beans and sweet potatoes. | ||
| first black man to get a Ph.D. from Harvard. Founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Demanded the blacks receive social equality right away. | ||
| was the pastor of the Plymouth Church of the Pilgrims in Brooklyn, New York, who was also one of the earliest and best known abolitionists. Also, he was an effective champion of women's rights and suffrage. Editor in chief of Independent and The Christian Union. | ||
| provided generous grants of land to the states for support of education. (LSU, OSU, Texas A&M). Was extended by the Hatch Act. | ||
| extended the Morrill Act and provided federal funds for the establishment of agricultural experiment stations in connection with the land-grant colleges. | ||
| donated money to privately funded colleges, such as Cornell, Leland Stanford Junior, and the University of Chicago. | ||
| This university maintained the nation's first high-grade graduate school | ||
| French chemist and biologist whose discovery that fermentation is caused by microorganisms, discovered process of pasteurization, and developed a vaccine for rabies. | ||
| This man promoted the idea of sterilizing medical equipment before operating | ||
| founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology. His greatest work was Pragmatism, which states that everything has a purpose. | ||
| creator of the "New York World;"cut the prices so people could afford it; featured color comics and yellow journalism | ||
| an American newspaper magnate and leading newspaper publisher. Hearst entered the publishing business in 1887, after taking control of The San Francisco Examiner from his father. | ||
| Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers. | ||
| Editor of Nation; very influential and was read by intellectuals; reform minded and pushed for civil service, honest government and a mild tariff. | ||
| San Fransisco journalist published a provocative book in 1879 that was an instant best seller. It jolted readers to look more critically at the effects of laissez-faire economics. The book is called "Progress and Poverty" and proposes on putting a single tax on land as the solution to poverty. | ||
| Popular novelist during the Industrial Revolution who wrote "rags to riches" books praising the values of hard work, he wrote that virtue, honesty and industry would be rewarded with success, wealth and honor. | ||
| wrote about adultery, suicide, and women's ambition in The Awakening. | ||
| Master of satire. A regionalist writer who gave his stories "local color" through dialects and detailed descriptions. His works include The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, "The Amazing Jumping Frog of Calaverus County," and stories about the American West. | ||
| wrote The Rise of Silas Lapham, and other works, in which he described what he considered the shallowness and corruption in ordinary American lifestyles. | ||
| a muckraker who focused on social photography and made people aware of the slum conditions. | ||
| investigative reporting, exposing misconduct in public life; socially conscious journalism with the intent to correct wrongs. | ||
| This was the new style of literature that focused on the daily lives and adventures of a common person. This style was a response to Romanticism's supernaturalism and over-emphasis on emotion | ||
| wrote both formal and dialect poems; first African American writer to make a living at craft of writing "We Wear the Mask" | ||
| was an American suffragist who was publicized in Gilded Age newspapers as a leader of the American woman's suffrage movement in the 19th century | ||
| United States reformer who led moral crusades against art and literature that he considered obscene. Persuaded Congress in 1873 to pass the "Comstock Law" which prohibited the mailing or transportation of obscene and lewd material and photographs. | ||
| A major feminist prophet during the late 19th and early 20th century. She published "Women and Economics" which called on women to abandon their dependent status and contribute more to the community through the economy. She created centralized nurseries and kitchens to help get women into the work force. | ||
| wrote Maggie a girl of the Streets and The Red Badge of Courage about the underside of life in urban, industrial America. | ||
| a group formed by leading suffragist in the late 1800s to organize the women's suffrage movement. Led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. | ||
| Spoke powerfully in favor of suffrage, worked as a school principal and a reporter ., became head of the National American Woman Suffrage, an inspiried speaker and abrilliant organizer. Devised a detailed battle plan for fighting the war of suffrage. | ||
| first to offer women unrestricted suffrage in 1869. | ||
| founded in 1892, it provided an outlet for middle and upper class women's intellectual energies and members reached 1 million by 1917. | ||
| estalished homes for orphans, founded hospitals, and worked for women suffrage, founded by Ida B. Wells | ||
| organized in 1869 in response to the increasing amount of liquor intake by Americans due to Civil War and foreigners used to it. | ||
| This organization was dedicated to the idea of the 18th Amendment - the Amendment that banned the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcohol, in favor of temperance, moral purity, and the rights of women | ||
| brilliant portraitist, he most identified the traditional academic style of America, as style many began to go away from. | ||
| was a painter, photographer, sculptor, and fine arts educator. He was one of the greatest American painters of his time, an innovating teacher, and an uncompromising realist |
