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| 20289609 | Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo | Agreement that ended the Mexican-American War; provided for loss of Texas and California to the United States; left legacy of distrust of the United States in Latin America | 0 | |
| 20289610 | Toussaint L'Overture | Leader of slave rebellion on the French sugar island of St. Dominque in 1791 that led to the creation of the independent republic of Haiti in 1804 | 1 | |
| 20289611 | Father Miguel de Hidalgo | Mexican priest who established independence movement among American Indians and mestizos in 1810; despite early victories, was captured and executed | 2 | |
| 20289612 | Jose San Mart | Leader of Independence movement in Rio de la Plata; led to indepence of the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata by 1816; later led indepences movement on Chile and Peru as well | 3 | |
| 20289613 | Argentine Republic | Replaced state of Buenos Aires in 1862; resulted of compromise between centralists and federalists | 4 | |
| 20289614 | General Antonio de Santa Anna | Seized power in Mexico after collapse of empireof Mexico in 1824; after brief reign of liberals, seized power in 1835 as caudillo; defeated by Texans in war for independence in 1836; defeated by the Inited States in Mexican-American War in 1848; unseated by liberal rebellion in 1854 | 5 | |
| 20289615 | Fazendas | Coffee estates that spread within interior on Brazil between 1840 and 1860; created major export commodity for Brazilian trade; led to intensification of slavery in Brazil | 6 | |
| 20289616 | Spanish-American War | War fought between Spain and the United States beginning in 1898; centered on Cuba and Puerto Rico; permitted American intervention in Caribbean, annexation of Puerto Rico and the Philippines | 7 | |
| 20289617 | La Reforma | The liberal rebellion of Benito Juz against the forces of Santa Anna | 8 | |
| 20289618 | Panama Canal | An aspect of American intervention in Latin America; resulted from United States support for a Panamanian independence movement in return for a grant to exclusive rights to a canal across the Panama isthmus; provided short route between Atlantic and Pacific oceans; completed in 1914 | 9 | |
| 20289619 | Monroe Doctrine | American declaration stated in 1823; established that any attempt of a European country to colonize in the Americas would be considered an unfriendly act by the Untied States; supported by Great Britain as a means of opening Latin American trade | 10 | |
| 20289620 | Mexican-American War | Fought between Mexico and the United States from 1846 to 1848; led to devastating defeat of Mexican forces, loss of about one-half of Mexicos national territory to the United States | 11 | |
| 20289621 | Juan Manuel de Rosas | Strongman leader in Buenos Aires; took power in 1813; commanded loyality of gauchos; restored local autonomy | 12 | |
| 20289622 | Spanish Civil War | War pitting authoritarian and military leader in Spain against republicans and leftists between 1936 and 1939; Germany and Italy supported the royalists; the Soviet Union supported the republicans; led victory of the royalist forces | 13 | |
| 20289623 | Manifest Destiny | Belief of the government of the United States that it was destined to rule the continent from coast to soast; led to the annexation of Texas and Mexican-American War | 14 | |
| 20289624 | Positivism | French philosophy based on observation and scientific approach to problems of society; adopted by many latin American liberals in teh aftermath of independence | 15 | |
| 20289625 | Andr Santa Cruz | Mestizo general who established union of independent Peru and Bolivia between 1829 and 1839 | 16 | |
| 20289626 | Pedro I | Son and successor of Jo VI in Brazil; aided in teh declaration of Brazilian independence from Portugal in 1822; became constitutional emperor of Brazil | 17 | |
| 20289627 | Maximillian von Habsburg | Proclaimed Emperor Maximillion of Mexico following intervention of France in 1862; ruled until overthrow and execution by liberal revolutionaries under Benito Juz in 1867 | 18 | |
| 20289628 | Cientificos | Advisors of government of Porfirio D who were strongly influenced by positivist ideas; permitted Mexican government to project image of moderization | 19 |
