For Miss Thomas' vocabulary quiz on 03262k8. If there are any mistakes, which are bound to happen, call meee.
x_x.
Terms : Hide Images
| 22323927 | Toussaint L'Overture | Leader of slave rebellion on the French sugar island of St. Domingue in 1791; led to creation of independent republic of Haiti in 1804. | 0 | |
| 22323928 | Father Miguel de Hidalgo | Mexican priest who established independence movement among Indians and mestizos in 1810; despite early victories, was captured and executed. | 1 | |
| 22323929 | Gran Colombia | Independent state created in South America as a result of military successes of Simon Bolívar; existed only until 1830, at which time Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador became separate nations. | 2 | |
| 22323930 | Augustín de Iturbide | Conservative Creole officer in Mexican army who signed agreement with insurgent forces of independence; combined forces entered Mexico City in 1821; later proclaimed emperor of Mexico until its collapse in 1824. | 3 | |
| 22323931 | Dom Pedro I | Son and successor of Dom João VI in Brazil; aided in the declaration of Brazilian independence from Portugal in 1822; became constitutional emperor of Brazil. | 4 | |
| 22323932 | Andrés Santa Cruz | Mestizo general who established union of independent Peru and Bolivia between 1829 and 1839. | 5 | |
| 22323933 | caudillos | Independent leaders who dominated local areas by force in defiance of national policies; sometimes seized national governments to impose their concept of rule; typical throughout newly independent countries of Latin America. | 6 | |
| 22323934 | Monroe Doctrine | American declaration stated in 1823; established that any attempt of a European country to colonize in the Americas would be considered an unfriendly act by the United States; supported by Great Britain as a means of opening Latin American trade | 7 | |
| 22323935 | Fazendas | Coffee estates that spread within interior of Brazil between 1840 and 1860; created major export commodity for Brazilian trade; led to intensification of slavery in Brazil. | 8 | |
| 22323936 | Mexican-American War | Fought between Mexico and the United States from 1846 to 1848; led to devastating defeat of Mexican forces, loss of about one-half of Mexico's national territory to the United States. | 9 | |
| 22323937 | Maximilian von Habsburg | Proclaimed emperor of Mexico following intervention of France in 1862; ruled until overthrow and execution by liberal revolutionaries under Benito Juárez in 1867. | 10 | |
| 22323938 | Juan Manuel de Rosas, | Strongman leader in Buenos Aires; took power in 1831; commanded loyalty of gauchos; restored local autonomy. | 11 | |
| 22323939 | Spanish American War | War fought between Spain and the United States beginning in 1898; centered on Cuba and Puerto Rico; permitted American intervention in Caribbean, annexation of Puerto Rico and the Philippines. | 12 | |
| 22323940 | Dependency Theory | Belief that development and underdevelopment were not stages but part of the same process; that development and growth of some areas such as Western Europe were achieved at the expense of underdevelopment of dependent regions such as Latin America. | 13 | |
| 22323941 | Benito Juarez | Indian governor of state of Oaxcaca in Mexico; leader of liberal rebellion against Santa Anna; liberal government defeated by French intervention under Emperor Napoleon III of France and establishment of Mexican Empire under Maximilian; restored to power in 1867 until his death in 1872. | 14 | |
| 22323942 | José de San Martin | Leader of independence movement in Rio de la Plata; led to independence of the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata by 1816; later led independence movement in Chile and Peru as well. | 15 | |
| 22323943 | Dr. José Rodríguez de Francia | Ruler of independent Paraguay; ruled country as dictator until 1840. | 16 | |
| 22323944 | Manifest Destiny | Belief of the government of the United States that it was destined to rule the continent from coast to coast; led to annexation of Texas and Mexican-American War. | 17 | |
| 22323945 | Centralists | Latin American politicians who wished to create strong, centralized national governments with broad powers; often supported by politicians who described themselves as conservatives. | 18 | |
| 22323946 | Guano | Bird droppings utilized as fertilizer; exported from Peru as a major item of trade between 1850 and 1880; income from trade permitted end to Indian tribute and abolition of slavery | 19 | |
| 22323947 | General Antonio López de Santa Anna | Seized power in Mexico after collapse of empire of Mexico in 1824; after brief reign of liberals, seized power in 1835 as caudillo; defeated by Texans in war for independence in 1836; defeated by United States in Mexican-American War in 1848; unseated by liberal rebellion in 1854. | 20 | |
| 22323948 | Gauchos | Bands of mounted rural workers in the region of the Rio de la Plata; aided local caudillos in splitting apart the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata after 1816. | 21 | |
| 22323949 | La Reforma | The name given to the liberal rebellion of Benito Juárez against the forces of Santa Anna. | 22 | |
| 22323950 | Cientificos | Advisors of government of Porfirio Díaz who were strongly influenced by positivist ideas; permitted government to project image of modernization. | 23 | |
| 22323951 | Domingo F. Sarmiento | Liberal politician and president of Argentine Republic; author of Facundo, a critique of caudillo politics; increased international trade, launched internal reforms in education and transportation. | 24 | |
| 22323952 | Mask of Ferdinand | Term given to movements in Latin America allegedly loyal to the displaced Bourbon king of Spain, Ferdinand VII; actually Creole movements for independence. | 25 | |
| 22323953 | Simon Bolívar | Creole military officer in northern South America; won series of victories in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador between 1817 and 1822; military success led to creation of independent state of Gran Colombia. | 26 | |
| 22323954 | Dom João VI | Portuguese monarch who established seat of government in Brazil from 1808 to 1820 as a result of Napoleonic invasion of Iberian peninsula; made Brazil seat of empire with capital at Rio de Janeiro. | 27 | |
| 22323955 | Federalists | Latin American politicians who wanted policies, especially fiscal and commercial regulation, to be set by regional governments rather than centralized national administrations; often supported by politicians who described themselves as liberals. | 28 | |
| 22323956 | Positivism | French philosophy based on observation and scientific approach to problems of society; adopted by many Latin American liberals in the aftermath of independence. | 29 | |
| 22323957 | Panama Canal | An aspect of American intervention in Latin America; resulted from United States support for a Panamanian independence movement in return for a grant to exclusive rights to a canal across the Panama isthmus; provided short route from Atlantic to Pacific Ocean; completed 1914. | 30 | |
| 22323958 | Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo | Agreement that ended the Mexican-American War; provided for loss of Texas and California to the United States; left legacy of distrust of the United States in Latin America. | 31 | |
| 22323959 | Porfirio Díaz | One of Juárez's generals; elected president of Mexico in 1876; dominated Mexican politics for 35 years; imposed strong central government. | 32 | |
| 22323960 | Argentine Republic | Replaced state of Buenos Aires in 1862; result of compromise between centralists and federalists. | 33 | |
| 22323961 | Modernization Theory | The belief that the more industrialized, urban, and modern a society became, the more social change and improvement were possible as traditional patterns and attitudes were abandoned or transformed; used as a blueprint for. | 34 |
