Westward expansion and improvements in agriculture. - Bethany Feltner
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| 392774771 | Native Americans | Native Americans stood in the way of the advancement of white men. Migration, conflict, and cultural change affected the Indians, as well as the spread of cholera, typhoid, and smallpox by the whites. | |
| 392774772 | Bison | Whites caused the population of bison to decrease due to the hunting and grazing of their own livestock. | |
| 392774773 | Fort Laramie (1851) & Fort Atkinson (1853) | Fort Laramie (1851) & Fort Atkinson (1853)- The federal government signed treaties with the "chiefs", marking the beginnings of the reservation system. Territories were also established for each tribe. | |
| 392774774 | Sand Creek, Colorado (1864) | Colonel J. M. Chivington's militia massacred 400 Native Americans, including women and children. | |
| 392774775 | Colonel J.M. Chivington | Commander of the militia responsible for the Sand Creek Massacre. | |
| 392774776 | Captain William J. Fetterman | Officer in the U.S. Army during the Civil War, but better known for getting killed (along with his immediate command) during the Bozeman War (aka Red Cloud's War) at the Fetterman Massacre. | |
| 392774777 | Nez Perce Indians | U.S. authorities attempted to herd them onto reservations. | |
| 392774778 | Chief Joseph | Leader of Nez Perce. Fled with his tribe to Canada instead of reservations. However, US troops came and fought and brought them back down to reservations. | |
| 392774779 | Apache Indians | From the Southwest, New Mexico, Arizona. Apache chief Geronomi died in 1909. | |
| 392774780 | "A Century of Dishonor" | Written by Helen Hunt Jackson, it detailed the injustices made to Native Americans during US expansion | |
| 392774781 | Ghost Dance | Spiritual revival in 1890 by Indians that would lead to the massacre at Wounded Knee | |
| 392774782 | Battle of Wounded Knee | The Wounded Knee Massacre, also known as The Battle at Wounded Knee Creek, was the last major armed conflict between the Lakota Sioux and the United States, subsequently described as a "massacre" by General Nelson A. Miles in a letter to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. | |
| 392774783 | Dawes Severalty Act | Bill that promised Indians tracts of land to farm in order to assimilate them into white culture. The bill was resisted, uneffective, and disastrous to Indian tribes. | |
| 392774784 | Carlisle Indian School | Failed attempt to forcibly integrate children of Native American's into US culture by way of a boarding school. | |
| 392774785 | Kill the Indian and save the man | the saying to take his culture, background, and everything about his Native American culture and get rid of it, replace it with what is American. | |
| 392774786 | Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 | the "Indian New Deal"; encouraged tribes to preserve their culture and tradition. | |
| 394866447 | Homestead Act | Passed in 1862, it gave 160 acres of public land to any settler who would farm the land for five years. | |
| 394866449 | "Dust Bowl | Region of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930 lasting for a decade, leaving many farmers without work or substantial wages. | |
| 394866451 | National Grange | Social and educational organization for farmers. | |
| 394866452 | Greenback Labor party | Political party that farmers sought refuge in at first, combined inflationary appeal of earlier Greenabackers with program for improving labor. | |
| 394866453 | Interstate Commerce Act | Established the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission) - monitors the business operation of carriers transporting goods between states. | |
| 394866454 | Coxey's Army | Unemployed workers marched from Ohio to Washington to draw attention to the plight of workers and to ask for goverment relief. | |
| 394866455 | Pullman Strike | Chicago railroad strike that paralyzed railway traffic nationwide | |
| 396039455 | Cross of Gold Speech | An impassioned address by William Jennings Bryan at the 1896 Deomcratic Convention, in which he attacked the "gold bugs" who insisted that U.S. currency be backed only with gold. | |
| 396039456 | William McKinley | 1897-1901, Republican, supported gold standard, protective tariff, and Hawaiian Islands, against William Bryan (The Great Commoner), assassinated |
