flashcards for mr toys ap european history class from the civilization in the west book
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| 23705828 | Triple Entente | alliance between France, Great Britain, and Russia | 0 | |
| 23705829 | blank check | support given to allies of nations simply because they were allies | 1 | |
| 23705830 | Schlieffen Plan | plan by the German chief which planned to devastate France in a war with Russia before russia could mobilize | 2 | |
| 23705831 | Plan XVII | French strategy for war which called for concentration of troops in Alsace and Lorraine in an offensive on Germany | 3 | |
| 23705832 | Sarajevo | capital of Bosnia where Gavrilo Princip assassinated Franz Ferdinand | 4 | |
| 23705833 | Bosnia | Austro-Hungarian province which had Sarajevo as its capital | 5 | |
| 23705834 | Franz Ferdinand | designated heir of the Habsburg throne, his assassination sparked WWI | 6 | |
| 23705835 | Princip | 19 year old Bosnian Serb who killed Franz Ferdinand | 7 | |
| 23746021 | Young Bosnian Society | a group of students,workers,some peasants, Croats, Muslims, and intellectuals who wanted to free Slavic populations from Habsburg control | 8 | |
| 23746022 | Allies | Alliance of Britain, France, Russia, and Japan | 9 | |
| 23746023 | Central Powers | Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire | 10 | |
| 23746024 | trench warfare | what soldiers in WWI had to use after the first six weeks of battle | 11 | |
| 23746025 | First Battle of Marne | Battle in which German forces tried to invade Paris, but were stopped by Allied forces . Each army tried to outflank the other in this "race to the sea" | 12 | |
| 23746026 | Tannenberg | battle on the eastern front in which the entire Russian Second Army was destroyed by the Germans, and 100,000 men were taken prisoner | 13 | |
| 23746027 | Ludendorff | general who assisted Hindenburg, he helped to defeat the Russians at Tannenburg and the Masurian Lake | 14 | |
| 23746028 | von Hindenburg | German general who was called up from retirement to direct the Russian campaign because of his knowledge of the area. He led troops at Tannenburg and the Masurian Lakes | 15 | |
| 23746029 | Masurian Lakes | Battle that inflicted another devastating blow to Russian forces two weeks after Tannenburg | 16 | |
| 23746030 | Lemberg | Battle in Galicia in September where Russian forces defeated Austro-Hungarian troops | 17 | |
| 23748772 | Brusilov | commander of the Russian forces in the southern part of the Eastern front. He was able to almost knock out Austro - Hungarian forces in 1916 | 18 | |
| 23748773 | Somme | a river in Northern France flowing west into the English Channel, British did an offensive here after fighting in Verdun. 400,000 British and 200,000 French were killed | 19 | |
| 23748774 | Verdun | a small fortress city in northeast France where german forces attacked the French, who held out for ten months of continuous mass slaughter. | 20 | |
| 23748775 | Joffre | commander in chief of the French army. He was unwilling to give reinforcements to Verdun. | 21 | |
| 23748776 | Pétain | a local commander of the French at Verdun, he boosted morale by rotating troops in the fight. | 22 | |
| 23748777 | Nivelle | flamboyant general who also led troops at Verdun. He planned an offensive in the Champagne region, which resulted in 40,000 deaths and his dismissal | 23 | |
| 23748778 | Falkenhayn | chief of the General Staff of the German army from 1914 to 1916 who led the attack at Verdun | 24 | |
| 23748779 | Passchendaele Offensive | A British attack in Flanders throughout the summer and fall of 1917. It resulted in 400,000 British deaths for an insignificant territorial gain. | 25 | |
| 23748780 | Gallipoli | the first large-scale attempt at amphibious warfare, where British soldiers were trapped | 26 | |
| 23748781 | South Tyrol and Dalmatia | places that the Allies promised Italy if they would join the war on their side | 27 | |
| 23748782 | Gallipoli Peninsula | extends from the southern coast of European Turkey. | 28 | |
| 23748783 | ANZAC | Australian and New Zealand forces | 29 | |
| 23752838 | Jutland | the only major naval battle of WWI, it occured in the North Sea, and there was no decisive victor | 30 | |
| 23752839 | U-Boats | German submarines, they torpedoed six million tons of Allied Shipping | 31 | |
| 23752840 | Easter Rebellion | revolt in Ireland for independence, supported by Germany | 32 | |
| 23752841 | Lenin | Russian revolutionary who was returned to russia under german escort to promote dissent. He was the leader of the Bolsheviks. | 33 | |
| 23752842 | Balfour | worked with zionist leaders to make a document promising to "look with favor" on the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. | 34 | |
| 23752843 | Balfour Declaration | a document promising to "look with favor" on the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. | 35 | |
| 23752844 | Lusitania | ship carrying US passengers and weapons that was sunk by the Germans. This was one of the main reasons the US joined the war | 36 | |
| 23752845 | Woodrow Wilson | President of the United States who entered the US on the side of the Allies of WWI | 37 | |
| 23752846 | unrestricted submarine warfare | initiated by the Germans, German U-boats would sink all ships on sight, no matter what the cargo. | 38 | |
| 23754742 | Pershing | leader of US troops in WWI | 39 | |
| 23754743 | Ludendorff Offensive | the last German push in WWI | 40 | |
| 23754744 | Foch | the Supreme Commander for the allies during the Ludendorff offensive | 41 | |
| 23754745 | Zimmermann Telegram | message to Mexico that they would gain New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas if they supported germany if the US joined the war | 42 | |
| 23754746 | Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George, Orlando, Clemenceau | name the Big 4 (US, Britain, Italy, France) | 43 | |
| 23754747 | League of Nations | council that was intended to arbitrate all future disputes among states and to keep the peace after WWI | 44 | |
| 23754748 | Clemenceau | leader of France, he wanted to severely punish Germany | 45 | |
| 23754749 | Fourteen Points | Wilson's plan for the Treaty of Versailles | 46 | |
| 23754750 | War Guilt Clause | part of the Treaty of Versailles in which the Allies blamed the war on Germany | 47 | |
| 23754751 | Nicholas II | Romanov tsar of Russia who was overthrown during WWI | 48 | |
| 23754752 | Bloody Sunday | event in Russia in which the tsar's troops fired on a peaceful demonstration in front of the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg | 49 | |
| 23756226 | Duma | national parliament established by the tsar as a response to disruptions within Russia | 50 | |
| 23756227 | soviets | workers' councils that proliferated in Russia | 51 | |
| 23756228 | Rasputin | advisor to Tsarina Alexandra | 52 | |
| 23756229 | Lvov | prime minister of the Provisional Government | 53 | |
| 23756230 | Kerenski | the only socialist in the Provisional government, he served as minister of justice | 54 | |
| 23756231 | Provisional Government | half of the Russian government that hoped to establish constitutional and democratic rule | 55 | |
| 23756232 | Women's Battalion of Death | composed entirely of female recruits, it was a ploy to shame russian soldiers into fighting | 56 | |
| 23756233 | Mensheviks | (meant minority) the Russian Social Democrats who were moderates and wanted to work through parliament and cooperated with the Provisional Government | 57 | |
| 23756234 | Bolsheviks | (meant majority) the Russian Social Democrats who refused to work with the Provisional government and prepared for revolutionary upheaval | 58 | |
| 23757263 | April Theses | promised the Russian people peace, land, and bread. | 59 | |
| 23757264 | Peace, Bread, Land | slogan of Bolsheviks | 60 | |
| 23757265 | Red Guards | military unit created to prevent right wing control | 61 | |
| 23757266 | July Days | massive popular demonstrations erupted during this period in Russia against the Provisional Government | 62 | |
| 23757267 | Trotsky | led the Red Guards to capture the Russian capital of Petrograd for the Bolsheviks | 63 | |
| 23758494 | White Army | fought in resistance to Lenin and the Bolsheviks, they failed to successfully challenge the Reds, but fought in the civil war for three years with support from the Allies. | 64 | |
| 23758495 | Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | Russia's peace with Germany that forced them to be reduced to the size they were in the Muscovite period | 65 |
