Campbells Biology Ninth Edition Chapter 27
Terms : Hide Images
| 1774434154 | Prokaryotes | earliest organisms that evolved alone from 3 Billion years ago to 1.5 billion years ago. Still dominate biosphere and 10 times the biomass of eukaryotes | 0 | |
| 1774434155 | Serious illness caused | by minority of prokaryotes | 1 | |
| 1774434156 | Prokaryotes can be | benign and beneficial, produce vitamins in intestines. | 2 | |
| 1774434157 | Prokaryotes help to recycle what four elements in the ecosystems | Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphate and Sulfur | 3 | |
| 1774434158 | Prokaryotes are very diverse in | Structure and Metabolism, 5,000 species known, estimates 400,000 to 4 million exist | 4 | |
| 1774434159 | The two domains of prokaryotes are | Bacteria and Archaea | 5 | |
| 1774434160 | Prokaryotes are mostly unicellular and take shapes of | cocci, bacilli and spirilli | 6 | |
| 1774434161 | What helps maintain the shape and protection for prokaryotes | Cell wall, also prevents bursting. | 7 | |
| 1774434162 | The cell wall of prokaryotes in domain Bacteria are made up of many | Peptidoglycan, modified sugars cross linked that stain Gram-positive due to simpler cell walls. | 8 | |
| 1774434163 | The cell walls of prokaryotes in domain Archaea lack | Peptidoglycan and stain Gram-negative or pink due to more complex cell walls | 9 | |
| 1774434164 | Gram negative bacteria | are generally more threatening than Gram positive, and more resistant to antibiotics | 10 | |
| 1774434165 | Prokaryotes stick to their substrate or other individuals in a colony through | fimbriae | 11 | |
| 1774434166 | Sex pili | longer fimbriae that allow prokaryotes to EXCHANGE DNA. | 12 | |
| 1774434167 | Movement by prokaryotes is produced by | flagella, only 50% of prokaryotes have the capability to move | 13 | |
| 1774434168 | What are the three types of taxis | Chemotaxis, phototaxis, electrotaxis | 14 | |
| 1774434169 | Chemotaxis is | movement toward the stimulus | 15 | |
| 1774434170 | Phototaxis is | movement away from the stimulus | 16 | |
| 1774434171 | Prokaryotes lack | true nucleus but have a nucleoid region, also no membrane bound organelles. | 17 | |
| 1774434172 | Prokaryotes use folded regions of plasma membrane for | cellular respiration and photosynthesis | 18 | |
| 1774434173 | Prokaryote DNA is | smaller than eukaryote, simple, double stranded DNA and ring shape | 19 | |
| 1774434174 | Prokaryotic ribosomes are | slightly smaller and different than eukaryotic | 20 | |
| 1774434175 | How do prokaryotes reproduce | asexually through binary fusion every 1-3 hours constantly synthesizing DNA | 21 | |
| 1774434176 | If you start with one bacteria, under normal asexual reproduction how many bacteria could exist in the colony in one week? | 7.2 times 10 raised to the 16th. | 22 | |
| 1774434177 | Endospores are stable inactive prokaryotes that are | extremely stable that can remain viable for centuries | 23 | |
| 1774434178 | Photoautotrophs | Light, Carbon Dioxide, photosynthetic prokaryotes including cyanobacteria, plants example algae | 24 | |
| 1774434179 | Chemoautotrophs | Inorganic chemicals, Carbon Dioxide, certain prokaryotes example sulfolobus | 25 | |
| 1774434180 | Photoheterotrophs | Light, Organic compounds, certain prokaryotes | 26 | |
| 1774434181 | Chemoheterotrophs | Organic compounds, organic compounds, many prokaryotes and protists, fungi, animals. | 27 | |
| 1774434182 | Prokaryotes key steps in cycling of Nitrogen | nitrogen fixation | 28 | |
| 1774434183 | Nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria are | most self-sufficient of all organisms | 29 | |
| 1774434184 | Obligate aerobes | Require oxygen | 30 | |
| 1774434185 | Faculative anaerobes | use oxygen but dont need it | 31 | |
| 1774434186 | Obligate anaerobes | Poisoned by oxygen | 32 | |
| 1774434187 | Photosynthesis in ancestral prokaryotes | occurred only once | 33 | |
| 1774434188 | Symbiotic relationships include | Commensalism, Parasitism, Mutualism | 34 | |
| 1774434189 | Commensalism | one benefits, one unaffected | 35 | |
| 1774434190 | Parasitism | one benefits, one harmed | 36 | |
| 1774434191 | Mutualism | both benefit | 37 | |
| 1774434192 | Archae are mostly | extremophiles | 38 | |
| 1774434193 | Methanogens get energy using | Carbon Dioxide to oxidize Hydrogen generating waste | 39 | |
| 1781989545 | Plastids that are surrounded by more than two membranes are evidence of | secondary endosymmbiosis | 40 | |
| 1781989546 | Biologists suspect that endosymbiosis gave rise to mitochondria before plastids partly because | all eukaryotes have mitochondria (or their remnants) whereas many eukaryotes do not have plastids | 41 | |
| 1781989547 | Which group is incorrectly paired with its description | red algae - acquired plastids by secondary endosymbiosis. | 42 | |
| 1781989548 | Which protists are in the same eukaryotic supergroup as land plants | red and green algae | 43 | |
| 1781989549 | In life cycles with an alternation of generations, multicellular haploid forms alternate with | multicellular diploid cells | 44 |
