16 definitions
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| 356537685 | Suez Canal | Ship canal dug across the isthmus of Suez in Egypt, designed by Ferdinand de Lesseps. It opened to shipping in 1869 and shortened the sea voyage between Europe and Asia. Its strategic importance led to the British conquest of Egypt in 1882. (p. 726) | 0 | |
| 356537686 | New Imperialism | Historians' term for the late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century wave of conquests by European powers, the United States, and Japan, which were followed by the development and exploitation of the newly conquered territories. (p. 726) | 1 | |
| 356537687 | Battle of Omdurman | British victory over the Mahdi in the Sudan in 1898. General Kitchener led a mixed force of British and Egyptian troops armed with rapid-firing rifles and machine guns. (p. 730) | 2 | |
| 356537688 | colonialism | Policy by which a nation administers a foreign territory and develops its resources for the benefit of the colonial power. (p. 731) | 3 | |
| 356537689 | "scramble" for Africa | Sudden wave of conquests in Africa by European powers in the 1880s and 1890s. Britain obtained most of eastern Africa, France most of northwestern Africa. Other countries (Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and Spain) acquired lesser amounts. (p. 731) | 4 | |
| 356537690 | Henry Morton Stanley | British-American explorer of Africa, famous for his expeditions in search of Dr. David Livingstone. He helped King Leopold II establish the Congo Free State. King Leopold II King of Belgium (r. 1865-1909). He was active in encouraging the exploration of Central Africa and became the ruler of the Congo Free State (to 1908). (p. 732) | 5 | |
| 356537691 | Savorgnan de Brazza | Franco-Italian explorer sent by the French government to claim part of equatorial Africa for France. Founded Brazzaville, capital of the French Congo, in 1880. | 6 | |
| 356537692 | Berlin Conference | Conference that German chancellor Otto von Bismarck called to set rules for the partition of Africa. It led to the creation of the Congo Free State under King Leopold II of Belgium. (See also Bismarck, Otto von.) (p. 732) | 7 | |
| 356537693 | Afrikaners | South Africans descended from Dutch and French settlers of the seventeenth century. Their Great Trek founded new settler colonies in the nineteenth century. Though a minority among South Africans, they held political power after 1910, imposing a system of racial segregation called apartheid after 1949. | 8 | |
| 356537694 | Cecil Rhodes | British entrepreneur and politician involved in the expansion of the British Empire from South Africa into Central Africa. The colonies of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) were named after him. (p. 736) | 9 | |
| 356537695 | Asante | African kingdom on the Gold Coast that expanded rapidly after 1680. Asante participated in the Atlantic economy, trading gold, slaves, and ivory. It resisted British imperial ambitions for a quarter century before being absorbed into Britain. 1902 (736) | 10 | |
| 356537696 | Menelik II | emperor of Ethiopia in 1889; played the Europeans against each other, meanwhile building an arsenal of weapons with which the Ethiopians declared war and defeated the Italians at the Battle of Adowa | 11 | |
| 356537697 | Emilio Aguinaldo | Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901. (p. 743) | 12 | |
| 356537698 | free-trade imperialism | Economic dominance of a weaker country by a more powerful one, while maintaining the legal independence of the weaker state. In the late nineteenth century, free-trade imperialism characterized the relations between the Latin American republics. (744) | 13 | |
| 356537699 | free-trade imperialism | Economic dominance of a weaker country by a more powerful one, while maintaining the legal independence of the weaker state. In the late nineteenth century, free-trade imperialism characterized the relations between the Latin American republics. (744) | 14 | |
| 356537700 | Panama Canal | Ship canal cut across the isthmus of Panama by United States Army engineers; it opened in 1915. It greatly shortened the sea voyage between the east and west coasts of North America. The United States turned the canal over to Panama on Jan 1, 2000 (746) | 15 |
