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| 330100568 | Holy Alliance | Alliance among Russia, Prussia, and Austria in defense of religion and the established order; formed at Congress of Vienna by most conservative monarchies of Europe. | 0 | |
| 330100569 | Decembrist Uprising | Political revolt in Russia in 1825; led by middle-level army officers who advocated reforms; put down by Tsar Nicholas I. | 1 | |
| 330100570 | Crimean War | War bewteen the Ottoman Empire and Russia from 1853 to 1856. Britain and France supported the OE so that the Eastern Question wouldn't have to be answered. Russia loses. | 2 | |
| 330100571 | Emancipation of the serfs | Tsar Alexander II ended rigorous serfdom in Russia in 1861; serfs obtained no political rights; required to stay in villages until they could repay aristocracy for land. | 3 | |
| 330100572 | zemstvoes | Local political councils created as part of Alexander II's reforms; gave the middle class professional experience in government but did not influence national policy. | 4 | |
| 330100573 | Trans-Siberian Railroad | Constructed in 1870s to connect European Russia with the Pacific; completed by the end of the 1880s; brought Russia into a more active Asian role. | 5 | |
| 330100574 | Sergei Witte | Russian minister of finance from 1892 to 1903; economic modernizer responsible for high tariffs, improved banking system; encouraged Western investors to build factories in Russia. | 6 | |
| 330100575 | Intelligentsia | Russian term for articulate intellectuals as a class; desired radical change in the Russian political and economic systems; wished to maintain a Russian culture distinct from that of the West | 7 | |
| 330100576 | Anarchists | Political groups that sought the abolition of all formal government; particularly prevalent in Russia; opposed tsarist autocracy; eventually became a terrorist movement responsible for assassination of Alexander II in 1881 | 8 | |
| 330100577 | Bolsheviks | Literally, the majority party; the most radical branch of the Russian Marxist movement; led by V.I. Lenin and dedicated to his concept of social revolution; actually a minority in the Russian Marxist political scheme until its triumph in the 1917 revolution. | 9 | |
| 330100578 | Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov | Better known as Lenin; most active Russian Marxist leader; insisted on importance of disciplined revolutionary cells; leader of Bolshevik revolution of 1917 | 10 | |
| 330100579 | Russo-Japanese War | 1904-05 war between Russia and Japan over imperial influence and territory in Manchuria; Japan won and gained Manchuria and Port Arthur | 11 | |
| 330100580 | Duma | National parliament created in Russia in the aftermath of the revolution of 1905; progressively stripped of power during the reign of Tsar Nicholas II; failed to forestall further revolution. | 12 | |
| 330100581 | Stolypin Reforms | Reforms introduced by the Russian minister Stolypin intended to placate the peasantry in the aftermath of the Revolution of 1905; included reduction in redemption payments, attempt to create market-oriented peasantry. | 13 | |
| 330100582 | Kulaks | Rich peasants in the Russian Empire who owned larger farms and used hired labour. They were their own class. | 14 | |
| 330100583 | Terakoya | Commoner schools founded during the Tokugawa shogunate to teach reading, writing, and Confucian rudiments; by the middle of the 19th century resulted in the highest literacy rate outside of the West, about 40% for Japanese Males. | 15 | |
| 330100584 | Dutch Studies | Group of Japanese scholars interested in implications of Western science and technology beginning in the 18th century; urged freer exchange with West; based studies on few Dutch texts available in Japan. | 16 | |
| 330100585 | Matthew Perry | An American commodore in the navy, who made a couple trips to Japan. He forced the opening of Japan to western trade, and prompted a revolution against the shogunate. It also foreshadowed later American imperialistic foreign policy. | 17 | |
| 330100586 | Zaibatsu | Huge industrial combines created in Japan in the 1890s as part of the Meiji Reforms as part of the process of industrialization | 18 | |
| 330100587 | Sino-Japanese War | War fought between Japan and Qing China between 1894 and 1895; resulted in Japanese victory; frustrated Japanese imperial aims because of Western insistence that Japan withdraw from Liaodong peninsula. | 19 |
